Dynamic R&D competition with memory

We consider a differential game of R&D competition and explore the impact of rivalry on the firms' investment behavior over time. Using closed-loop strategies and hence allowing for strategic interactions among rival firms we show that R&D spending by the individual competitor is increased due to competition in the race for priority. This leads us to argue that competitive encounters enhance R&D activities at the same time as increasing efficiency in the race for a technological breakthrough.     

国家主体功能区规划实施的几个关键问题

全国主体功能区规划已获得国务院通过并开始实施。作为一项国家空间战略布局规划,主体功能区规划的实施必将作为“十二五”时期及今后一段时期内经济社会工作的重点。为推动主体功能区规划的顺利实施,各级政府需要对主体功能区规划实施的关键问题形成共识。在主体功能区规划实施中,对主体功能区的认识、主体功能区规划实施的主体、主体功能区的划分、主体功能区的协调与调整、主体功能区的监测与评价、主体功能区政策措施落实、主体功能区的考核、主体功能区实施的组织保障、主体功能区规划实施的技术支撑、主体功能区实施的挑战与机遇等是需要重点关注的问题。     

An Experimental Study of the Effect of Private Information in the Coase Theorem

We investigate, in an experimental setting, the effect of private information on the Coase theorem's predictions of efficiency and allocative neutrality. For a two-person bargaining game, we find significantly more inefficiency and allocative bias in the case of private information compared with the case of complete information. We also find substantial bargaining breakdown, which is not predicted by the Coase theorem. For the case of private information, we reject the Coase theorem in favor of the alternative of a generalized version of the Myerson—Satterthwaite theorem, which predicts inefficiency, allocative bias in the direction of the disagreement point, and some bargaining breakdown.     

Contextualising capability development: configurations of knowledge governance mechanisms in project-based organizations

Given the project-based organization’s (PBO) strong focus on autonomy and temporary decentralisation, it faces unique challenges with regard to long-term organisational learning and capability development. To address how PBOs cope with these challenges, we address the role of knowledge governance (KG) mechanisms to foster capability development. The present paper reports on a multiple case study comprising 23 PBOs and demonstrates the importance of ‘configurations of KG mechanisms’ for facilitating learning and capability development. This paper develops four distinct configurations (balanced, formalistic, interactive, and fragile) that promote three principal organisational-level learning processes: shifting, leveraging and adapting. This research underscores the close relationship between knowledge governance mechanisms and capability development and the importance of designing the appropriate configuration of KG mechanisms to foster capability development.     

An introduction to rural and agricultural development in the digital age

This special issue contributes to the development economics literature by highlighting the role of information communication and technologies (ICTs) in supporting rural and agricultural development. It is comprised of nine papers. Key findings from this special issue include: (1) internet use increases rural consumption diversity and agricultural productivity; (2) smartphone use empowers rural women in household decision-making and off-farm work participation; (3) smartphone-based agricultural extension services boost rural income growth; (4) a lack of ICT infrastructure and inadequate skills to use digital technologies are two key factors that lead to digital poverty traps for smallholder rural farmers; (5) ICT adoption increases the probability of rural households' access to credit and empowers rural women and farm households in relatively less developed regions to access credit; (6) digital financial inclusion reduces farmers' vulnerability to poverty; and (7) e-commerce adoption increases both sales prices and marketing costs, but the magnitude of increasing the former is higher than the magnitude of increasing the latter, which finally contributes to a higher gross return. This special issue also proposes practical instruments and implications for advancing the application of ICTs in rural areas to accelerate rural and agricultural development in the digital age.     

员工反生产行为组织控制的演化博弈分析

基于演化博弈理论和员工反生产行为组织控制的行为博弈演化过程,构建企业与员工共同参与的演化博弈模型.博弈的复制动态方程表明:员工选择显性反生产行为的比例、员工因选择反生产行为所获得的额外收益、企业对员工的反生产行为进行监管所投入的成本,企业观测到员工选择反生产行为时所作出的处罚都将对博弈均衡的结果产生影响.对此,应加强人力资源管理,加大组织支持力度,建立有效的控制机制.     

趋同的城乡生育意愿对生育政策调整的启示--基于北京市城乡独生子女生育意愿的比较研究

对北京市2006年和2008年的城乡独生子女生育意愿作了调查。在我国经济社会较为发达地区,城乡独生子女的生育意愿无论在生育数量还是在子女性别偏好和生育时间上都存在趋同的现象。对目前各省市在生育政策调整时城市和农村依然采取不同政策的做法提出看法。在经济社会较为发达的省市,可以推行城乡一体化的生育政策。     

我国老年人日常生活自理健康预期寿命的差异性分析

健康是人们关心的热点问题,对老年人来说,不仅要长寿,而且要健康,要尽可能长久地保持生活自理能力,提高自身的生命质量。回答我国老年人的日常生活不能自理期是压缩还是扩展了,分析影响老年人日常生活自理能力的因素。采用1992年和2002年两次全国老年调查数据,做分城乡、分性别、分年龄的不同老年人生活自理健康预期寿命的差异性分析。在1992年和2002年期间,城镇老年人和农村老年人日常生活不能自理期均在“扩展”;2002年卧床不起的疾病对老年人日常活动影响更大,老年人2002年比1992年在生活自理方面需要更多的照料资源。     

乡村意象与乡村旅游开发刍议

将“意象”的概念引入到乡村旅游,分析了乡村意象的丰富内涵。乡村意象是乡村的一种整体氛围,主要表现为乡村景观意象和乡村文化意象。同时,在分析乡村旅游的涵义及特点的基础上,论述了乡村意象与乡村旅游的联系,并对我国乡村旅游的开发提出了几点建议     

我国农村集体土地所有权制度的困境与出路

农村集体土地所有权制度是我国土地权属制度的基本形式之一。长期以来围绕农村集体土地所有权问题实践中纠纷迭起,理论上争论纷纭。土地所有权的主体不明,土地所有权的权能弱化是当前我国农村集体土地所有权制度面临困境的主要原因。因此,在对当前各种改革思路具体分析和评价的基础上,提出摆脱目前我国农村集体土地所有权制度困境的根本出路:立法上明确规定以村为单位的农民集体为农村集体土地所有权的主体;设立村集体财产管理委员会代表村民集体行使村集体土地所有权和通过构建集体土地使用权制度来完善农村集体土地所有权。