Intra‐industry diversification and firm performance

We study how intra‐industry product diversity affects firm performance by analyzing the implications of expanding a firm's product line within its core business. We conjecture that increases in product diversity initially undermine performance because of negative transfer effects but then improve it due to economies of scope. We further theorize that this U‐shaped effect of product diversity becomes more pronounced as the firm increases the intensity of its technology investment, yet is likely to be attenuated by the firm's accumulated experience with intra‐industry diversification. Data on 156 U.S.‐based software firms operating from 1990 to 2001 furnish support for these conjectures. Our study advances emerging research on intra‐industry diversification by underscoring some of its contingent performance effects. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

市场经济与新会计准则的若干问题

论述了当前中国向市场经济体制转轨的特殊过程中,新会计准则的发布是建设比较完善的社会主义市场经济体制的内在要求。新会计准则的质量特征是市场经济的本质所决定的。新会计准则的实施要求比较规范的市场经济的体制。市场经济的规范化状况、经济主体对市场规则的认同及遵守状况决定新会计准则的实施效果。     

What drives customers’ post-purchase price search intention in the context of online price matching guarantees

Using a research model based on customer value theory, this study investigates the determinants of customer post-purchase price comparison searches in the context of online price-matching guarantees (PMG). Data collected from 222 eligible respondents are tested against the proposed research model using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate two PMG characteristics, refund length and refund scope, influence utilitarian benefit (i.e., refund depth) and hedonic benefit (i.e., playfulness). These two benefits subsequently contribute to customer perceived value, which leads to price search intentions. This study pioneers the exploration of online PMGs and the determinants of customer post-purchase price search intentions. Several important theoretical and practical implications can be drawn from the findings to guide online retailers’ PMG strategies.     

Stock market reactions to related diversification moves by service firms seeking benefits from information asymmetry and economies of scope

Service firms may seek benefits from information asymmetry and economies of scope by diversifying. Each source of benefit is based on different underlying mechanisms and each is affected differently by implementation difficulties and service characteristics. Previous research, however, has not analyzed the relative performance effects of these two very different sources of benefits for related diversified service firms. Thus, this paper uses an integrative framework including these aspects to examine the relative performance effects of benefits from information asymmetry and economies of scope in service firms.     

论企业多元化经营的范围经济性

本文根据美国企业多元化发展的历程以及国外学者对多元化的研究,提出范围经济主要存在于相关多元化中,并对相关多元化中范围经济的具体体现作了分析,归纳为基于有形资源的范围经济性、基于无形资源的范围经济性和基于竞争对手的范围经济性三类,并提出了对企业的管理建议。     

论《破产法》中破产财产的构成范围

破产财产又称破产财团，是破产清偿法律关系中权利所指向的对象。从破产财产的概念和特征入手，分析我国相关规定的不足，旨在正确界定破产财产的构成范围，以维护相关当事人的合法权益。     

高压二氧化碳消防系统的设计与应用

结合电力调度中心大厦工程中二氧化碳消防系统的应用与设计特点,全面的论述、介绍了高压二氧化碳消防系统的各种设计方法和应用范围,并为二氧化碳消防系统在电力工程的应用提供了新的思路。     

Motivation matters: Corporate scope and competition in complementary product markets

Research summary : We argue that a pure capabilities‐based view does not accurately explain the competitive dynamics of increasingly common settings in which firms act as both complementors and competitors. We propose that the Awareness‐Motivation‐Capability framework is more appropriate for these settings. We derive predictions from both a pure capabilities view and the AMC framework, and test those predictions in the U.S. auto leasing market, in which the leasing subsidiaries of car manufacturers directly compete with the same independent lessors who provide complements to the manufacturers. Although our results are consistent with capabilities playing an important role, motivation appears to be a critical factor explaining the competitive dynamics of the market. Managerial summary : Firms that compete with business units owned by larger corporate parents face additional considerations. Such subsidiary competitors can be motivated by broader corporate considerations, shifting their objectives, and consequently, their strategic actions. Expecting subsidiary competitors to pursue business unit profitability can mislead managers toward pricing, product mix, or market entry errors. We present an important example from consumer finance, where independent auto lessors, such as Bank of America (BoA), compete with captive leasing subsidiaries like Ford Motor Credit (FMC). Since FMC is motivated to subsidize and support vehicle sales for its manufacturer parent, a cost advantage is not enough for BoA to dominate the market. Understanding broader corporate motivations of competitors helps managers anticipate competition levels in potential markets, thereby improving decision‐making and performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

How to Measure and Draw Causal Inferences with Patent Scope

Abstract

This paper presents an easy-to-use measure of patent scope that is grounded both in patent law and in the practices of patent attorneys. We validate our measure by showing both that patent attorneys’ subjective assessments of scope agree with our estimates, and that the behavior of patenters is consistent with it. Using our validation exercise, we find that previous measures of patent scope (i.e., the number of patent classes, the number of citations made by future patents, and the number of claims in a patent) are uninformative or misleading. To facilitate drawing causal inferences with our measure, we show how it can be used to create an instrumental variable, patent examiner scope toughness, which we also validate. We then demonstrate the power of this instrument by examining standard-essential patents. We show that an (exogenous) diminishment of patent scope leads to patents being much less likely to be declared standard essential.     

Firm-Specific Advantages Intra-Regional Sales and Performance of Multinational Enterprises

This article is an extension of recent work that has examined the intra-regional sales of large multinational enterprises (MNEs). First, we examine the interaction between the performance of MNEs and four proxies for their firm-specific advantages (FSAs). This includes: firm size, knowledge (as represented by R&D), marketing ability, and industry type. We find that FSAs in R&D and service sector type are best exploited within the home region. In contrast, the FSA firm size is better exploited by global and bi-regional firms. Second, we find that a service MNE tends to be more home-region oriented and has a higher proportion of intra-regional sales than a manufacturing firm.