Descriptive statistics of large data sets by scatter plots, an exploratory approach

In the analysis of large tables of M variables on N observations one is interested in the relations between the variables and it is usual to inspect the M(M-1)/2 scatter plots of N points. Clearly, the scatter plot approach relies on visual inspection and is to be preferred in so far as applicable to detect simple relations, namely when M is small. Other approaches are needed for large values of M .
We consider that only the relatively few scatter plots that present a 'structure' are of interest for an exploratory analysis and, by 'structure', we mean a domain of specially high local density in the plot. Based on this concept, we propose a method constructed around two steps: the selection of the possibly interesting pairs of variables and the validation of the corresponding scatter plots. The selection of the pairs results from an algorithm based on a binary partitioning tree. The validation of the corresponding scatter plots enables the production of only those where a structure is found the recognition of a structure is derived from a statistic based on the length of the Minimum Spanning Tree constructed on the N points of the candidate scatter plot.
For illustration, we report on an industrial application where the method is routinely applied for exploratory purposes.     

教育与劳动力市场关系研究

教育是多层次递进式的,经过多次甄别筛选,将劳动力纳入高低不同的生产力群体;教育也是多方向发散式的,当具备了基本的学习能力之后,会接受不同类型的专业教育,掌握不同的生产技能。这样,教育甄别筛选出高生产力者,并使其具有不同的生产技能,确定了劳动者所从事的专业领域以及在求职序列中的排位,决定了个体在劳动力市场中的最初定位点,实现了对劳动力的初步配置。本文在研究教育与劳动力市场关系的基础上,建立了教育对劳动力的甄别配置模型,并对我国劳动力市场中教育甄别配置功能的效率问题进行了探讨。     

供应链中甄别契约设计与信息共享激励

针对供应链中上下游企业的委托-代理问题,委托人可以设计出某种甄别契约以区分不同类型的代理人在不同的市场需求状况下的努力程度。在完全信息的条件下,委托人采取固定佣金方案及承担全部风险为最优选择。在信息不完全的条件下,若代理人为风险规避者则委托人只承担部分销售风险但需付出额外的风险补偿成本,若代理人为风险中性者则委托人不需付出额外的风险补偿成本。     

振动应力筛选

本文介绍了振动应力筛选技术,讨论了建立振动应力筛选的益处,应考虑的主要问题以及应牢记的关键因素。     

企业财务危机预警指标筛选探究

选择合适的财务指标来描述预警模型对提高预测的精度至关重要。运用显著性分析和因子分析法,对企业财务危机预警的备选指标进行筛选,并选择了76家上市公司为样本进行实证研究。通过两次筛选,最终得到由7个预警指标组成的全面互斥的财务危机预警指标体系,为进一步的财务危机预警评价提供参考。     

Risk Awareness of Interpersonal Trust and Entrepreneurship in China: Evidence from Survey Data

This paper aims to build a theoretical framework for the influence of risk awareness of interpersonal trust (RAIT) on entrepreneurship, and explores the influence of RAIT on entrepreneurship with the micro survey data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) 2010–2013. The study found that, individuals with higher level of RAIT, their probability of starting new business will increase significantly, and with every increase of RAIT level, the probability of business venturing increase almost 4.0%. No mediation effects of information screening and cooperative mechanism are found in the relationship between RAIT and entrepreneurship. Moreover, during the venturing process, risks accompanying interpersonal trust cannot be reduced by social input; the reduction occurs only in eastern China where the economic system and the industrial development standards are more comprehensive and mature. This paper contributes to the literatures in the following two areas: it provides new evidence on how to deal with risks in the entrepreneurship process that accompanying interpersonal trust; meanwhile, it provides an explanatory mechanism on how the risk awareness affects business venturing.     

鲜食玉米籽粒产品加工工艺与设备选择

采用国际先进的剥皮、削腐、切粒、清洗、人工挑选籽粒新工艺,完善鲜食玉米籽粒产品的加工,保持籽粒色、形及细菌含量的加工。     

Exploring holistic intuitive idea screening in the light of formal criteria

The aim of the article is to achieve a better understanding of idea screening selection based on intuition in relation to formal specific criteria.Four experienced experts used two approaches to independently evaluate a set of 83 ideas. The first approach was “gut feeling”, whereby the experts rated each idea on the basis of their intuition. In the second approach the same ideas were rated instead using three established specific criteria (Originality, User Value, and Producibility). Regression analysis showed that the three criteria explained about 50 percent of the intuitive assessments. Furthermore, one of the experts thought out loud during his intuitive assessment, thus revealing further influencing.This article contributes by establishing a statistical relationship between assessment based on intuition and assessment based on formal specific criteria. The article also offers two additional candidate criteria, and five tentative affectors, that could provide a further explanation of intuitive assessment.. The conclusion reached in the study is that intuition can be used because it is less resource-dependent than criteria-based assessment; however, there must also be some emphasis on validating the assessor’s domain of expertise, and designing the instructions, if the assessment is to have an incremental or radical twist.     

Screening and Signaling in Communication*

In this paper, we analyze a model of repeated strategic communication between a sender and a receiver. The sender has private information on a policy‐relevant variable but does not know the receiver's motives. Together with the desire of the sender to please the receiver and the desire of the receiver to be pleased, the two‐sided incomplete information creates an interesting communication problem in which players can choose to use information strategically. We analyze various modes of communication, which allow for information transmission, and we compare them in terms of both the quality of the policy implemented and the welfare of the players.