A decision‐analytic approach to screening in chemical alternatives assessment

Material selection in the chemistry value chain involves consideration of many objectives, including cost, performance, health risk, and environmental impact. Alternatives assessment is an emerging tool for guiding complex decisions with respect to these goals. As a relatively new method, the process is not yet well developed, especially with respect to how trade‐offs among objectives can be assessed accurately and inexpensively. Using paint strippers alternatives assessment as an illustrative example, we show how an established decision‐analytic method, known as comparative screening, allows for a multistep process with gradually increasing information needs. Compared with existing methodological approaches, comparative screening instills flexible and consistent treatment of trade‐offs. This is important because it maximizes the potential for a robust assessment while minimizing arduous data collection. Further, its use in the alternatives assessment process can support the selection of more sustainable materials.     

维生素C二步发酵菌种自然选育的研究

采用自然选育菌种的方法 ,从维生素 C二步发酵的生产过程中选取了一些具有某些特性的样品 ,后又从中选得 5 6个菌系 ,最终筛得一混合菌系 2 0 1 -F,此菌系同正在使用的 1 5 2菌系相比较 ,摇瓶条件实验较之 72 h提早至 48h到达终点 (产酸速度快 ) ,且转化率提高 5 %左右。培养条件同 1 5 2菌系也有些差异 ,并且此菌种进行了 5代传代后 ,平板培养、种液培养、摇瓶发酵所表现的特性均可稳定遗传。     

Exploring holistic intuitive idea screening in the light of formal criteria

The aim of the article is to achieve a better understanding of idea screening selection based on intuition in relation to formal specific criteria.Four experienced experts used two approaches to independently evaluate a set of 83 ideas. The first approach was “gut feeling”, whereby the experts rated each idea on the basis of their intuition. In the second approach the same ideas were rated instead using three established specific criteria (Originality, User Value, and Producibility). Regression analysis showed that the three criteria explained about 50 percent of the intuitive assessments. Furthermore, one of the experts thought out loud during his intuitive assessment, thus revealing further influencing.This article contributes by establishing a statistical relationship between assessment based on intuition and assessment based on formal specific criteria. The article also offers two additional candidate criteria, and five tentative affectors, that could provide a further explanation of intuitive assessment.. The conclusion reached in the study is that intuition can be used because it is less resource-dependent than criteria-based assessment; however, there must also be some emphasis on validating the assessor’s domain of expertise, and designing the instructions, if the assessment is to have an incremental or radical twist.     

李沟井田二_1煤层可选性评价

在分析了李沟井田煤层煤质特征的基础上,利用筛分试验和浮沉试验研究了该井田二1煤层的可选性。研究结果表明,二1煤层的自然粒度13~0.5mm粒级的占62.30~75.96%,平均68.18%;当二1煤层浮煤灰分为10%时,其可选性等级为难选—极难选;当二1煤层浮煤灰分为13%时,其井田大部分地段可选性等级易选,局部为极难选。     

鲜食玉米籽粒产品加工工艺与设备选择

采用国际先进的剥皮、削腐、切粒、清洗、人工挑选籽粒新工艺,完善鲜食玉米籽粒产品的加工,保持籽粒色、形及细菌含量的加工。     

基于正六边形网点的平移旋转加网机制研究

针对柔性版印刷加网角度的特殊性,结合正六边形网点的优点,提出了基于正六边形网点的平移旋转加网机制,并设计了加网阈值矩阵以及平移旋转机制,然后采用Matlab编程方法实现对标准灰度图的加网,从而验证了该加网机制的可行性。最后通过理论分析与实验计算,证明该加网机制中的旋转机制比较成功,而平移机制容易产生龟纹。     

Signaling-Screening Equilibrium in the Mortgage Market

The signaling model of Spence (1973a) and the screening model of Rothchild and Stiglitz (1976) have been separately used to explain economic phenomena when there is asymmetric information. In the real world, however, situations of asymmetric information often simultaneously involve signaling and screening. In this paper, we combine signaling and screening mechanisms and demonstrate a signaling-screening separating equilibrium. We present the analysis within the framework of mortgage markets. Borrowers signal their default risk types to lenders by acquiring different credit records. This partially separates borrowers into subsets. Lenders screen each subset by offering menus of mortgage loan contracts. Borrowers, then, self-select by choosing particular contracts from the menu. We show the conditions under which the signaling-screening equilibrium is Pareto superior to a screening-only equilibrium.     

筛选理论研究述评及展望

文章介绍了筛选理论的产生过程,并对国外筛选理论的研究状况进行了分类归纳和述评.在此基础上,提出了目前筛选理论研究面临的问题和未来的研究方向.     

Screening early stage ideas in technology development processes: a text mining and k-nearest neighbours approach using patent information

Applying previous idea screening approaches to large amounts of early stage ideas is recognised as challenging since they rely heavily on manual tasks and human judgments. Considering that technological factors are more important than others in early phases of technology development processes, we propose a machine learning approach to screening ideas by linking the contents of ideas implied in patented inventions and the technological value of the ideas. At the heart of the proposed approach are the text mining technique, to construct keyword vectors from patents, and the k-nearest neighbours algorithm, to capture the relationships between the keyword vectors and the numbers of forward citations of the patents. Integration of these methods makes it possible to assess large amounts of early stage ideas in terms of their potential technological value. A case study of pharmaceutical technology shows that our approach is useful for filtering out ideas of little technological value.     

Islamic business scorecard and the screening of Islamic businesses in a cross‐country setting

Screening of shari'ah compliant firms is incomplete without the inclusion of ethical and social responsibilities. The existing “activity screen” does not directly capture the ethical and social footprints of firms. The purpose of this study is to create and test an Islamic business scorecard that combines activity, ethical, and social responsibilities that Islamic businesses must comply with. This new Islamic business scorecard replaces the existing activity screens and is added to the financial screens to create an integrated business screening mechanism to identify shari'ah compliant firms. This study utilizes data from a sample of 410 shari'ah compliant companies listed with stock exchanges in Malaysia, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Out of the five newly developed constructs of the Islamic business scorecard, the results indicate Islamic firms are less committed to social responsibilities and tend to push forward economic responsibilities that focus on profitability and growth. Of the three countries, this study reports Malaysian firms have the highest compliance scores, while Bangladesh displays characteristics of the “next‐big shari'ah destination”. Financial screens are more important than the Islamic business scorecard for firms in the construction, industrial, technology, and trading/services sectors. Because of its connection with the economic, ethical, and social dimensions, the scorecard helps to identify the true nature of shari'ah compliance as a useful decision tool for investors and policymakers.