An Empirical Investigation of Marketing Programme and Process Elements in the Home-Host Scenario

SUMMARY

The two major strategies often available to international marketers are standardisation and adaptation when deciding to operate in a foreign host market. Both strategies have pros and cons. Drawing on the findings of previous theoretical and empirical studies, this study proposes a “marketing programme/process and performance” framework. The study employed a linear multiple regression (OLS) analysis method to examine the proposed framework, based on the experience of 233 Australian and New Zealand (home markets) firms operating in the Greater China region (host markets). Factors identified as significantly associated with adaptation of programme/process include “employee” and “employer” immigrant effects, government regulations, economic development, competitive environment and product life cycle. Factors identified as influencing firm performance include product adaptation, product type and market entry mode.     

Spending Behaviors of Event Tourists

Abstract

Assessing the economic impact of a tourism event on a host economy often involves the estimation of average event tourist spending per trip/night. As event and destination marketers become more selective with their promotions, targeting prospective high-value tourists, it is important for them to know the spending characteristics of different types of visitors so that resources can be allocated to reach and influence event tourists who will most benefit the host economy. This study's findings of visitors to the 1999 Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta reveal that tourists from communities nearer the host economy typically spend fewer net dollars than those from greater distances. First time event visitors spend considerably more than repeat visitors who have “been there, done that” and may not feel the need to do “that” again.     

Modelling Long Distance Pleasure Travel Mode Using Perceived Modal Attributes

Modelling transport choice behaviour traditionally has been addressed using objective measures of attribute data: price, time, etc. The authors argue that actual brand attributes may not be a good casual influence on consumer choice of long distance tourism travel. Choice is more likely to be a function of brand perceptions or brand image, which in turn is a function of past experience, expectations, promotional influences, family life stage and other personal factors. The authors re-examine data gathered in 1985 on tourist travel between Perth and Sydney or Melbourne, Australia; about 2400 miles. The authors model actual behaviour in terms of market share as a function of respondents' perceptions of travel mode attributes using a customised Multinomial Logit program which develops separate explanatory models for identified market segments. Results demonstrate the improvement in predictability over non-segmented models. Implications for tourism operators in promotions, product design and market targeting are discussed.     

U.K. Conference Venues

ABSTRACT

The following paper investigates the supply and demand for conference venues in the United Kingdom (U.K.) over the past 40 years. The main data relates to trends in the type of venue facilities provided in the U.K. and how the varying market sectors use these. It is suggested that the patterns of venue development have often been in response to perceived opportunity for business rather than actual demand. The concern is raised that current business levels cannot support the growing supply of venues and that continued new developments may not be the most appropriate method of approaching the situation.     

基于我国四大国有控股银行比较优势的信贷经营模式建构

我国四大国有控股商业银行当前的信贷模式主要借鉴美国商业银行的做法，以客户信用评级为切入点，实行单个分支机构对单个客户的经营。它对四大行来讲，实际上是扬短避长。四大行应当立足现代市场特点，充分利用机构网点和客户多的优势，重构信贷模式，才能实现信贷业务的又好又快发展。     

欧美国家的工作福利制度改革研究

20世纪末,很多发达国家都对原有的社会救助政策进行了改革,改革的共同趋势就是实行工作福利制度。该制度的推行在一定程度上减少了社会福利的依赖人数,扩大了就业。虽然还存在一些争议,但是工作福利制度已经受到了广泛关注,探讨欧美国家的工作福利制度改革对完善我国低保制度具有很强的借鉴意义。     

中央政府意愿、财政能力与文化发展政策选择

十七届六中全会将文化发展上升到战略的高度.然而,从建国以来中国关于实施文化产业政策的选择历程上看,这不仅仅由中央政府独立决定.理论界曾就区域发展提出了国家意愿与财政能力共同决定区域发展政策选择的分析框架,文章在此基础上,将分析视野扩展到文化产业政策选择的层面,阐述了文化体制改革前后在中央政府意志、财政能力搭配下文化产业政策的演进和绩效.此过程同样依循文化市场发展轨迹,即由文化产品市场、文化服务市场向文化资本市场的演进.     

广西城镇居民最低生活保障线测算——基于扩展线性支出系统模型(ELES)的研究

最低生活保障线反映了一个地区的居民维持衣、食、住、行等基本生活的最低标准,是实施最低生活保障制度的基础。文章利用扩展线性支出系统模型对当前广西城镇居民最低生活保障线进行测算,并进一步测算其在未来几年内的发展趋势。测算数据表明,当前广西实际发放的城镇居民平均最低生活保障标准比测算标准低;未来几年内,在不考虑通货膨胀情况下,最低生活保障线呈上升趋势,但增幅不大。鉴于我国目前的物价上涨较快,政府在制定政策时必须有所考量。     

战略性新兴产业规模、竞争力提升与“保护性空间”设定

战略性新兴产业的发展初期,需要有别于常规"技术推进"的培育方式,通过技术创新活动的"保护性空间"的培育与治理实现产业扶持方式从"起点"向"全过程"的推进,这是提高产业规模和竞争力有效的政策工具。应通过技术试验、市场试样和市场推广环节构架产业发展的"保护性空间",并从方向、定位、环境条件与发展驱动等层面积极应对。     

中关村人才市场发展的现状、问题与建议

本文分析研究中关村人才市场发展的现状和存在的问题，论述中关村人才市场发展的基本思路，并提出相应的对策建议。