发达国家发展创业教育的历史沿革与研究方法述评

自从熊彼特于1911年在其经济模型中考虑了创业行为的推动作用,学术界逐渐认识到创业是经济、就业以及创新发展的重要驱动因素。本文在对当前美国以及欧盟发展创业教育的历史沿革及现状进行分析的基础上,围绕创业教育的定义、理论基础以及实施效果这三个当前学术界的研究热点,对近几年国外创业教育研究进行梳理,最后对未来创业教育研究的发展方向进行展望,以期对我国创业教育实践及理论研究的发展有所裨益。     

科研实践共同体对本科生科研能力的影响——自我效能感的中介作用

科研训练是培养本科生科研创新能力的有效途径,而参与科研实践共同体是科研训练的最主要形式。基于情境学习理论,对3所研究型大学的665名理工科本科生进行调查,结果显示：参与过科研实践共同体的学生的科研能力水平要高于没有参与过的学生;在控制性别、年级、专业、学习成绩等变量后,参与科研实践共同体能够正向影响理工科本科生的科研能力,团队资源、团队氛围和团队指导维度能够正向影响理工科本科生的科研能力;自我效能感在科研实践共同体和科研能力之间起到中介作用。这一结果对于研究型大学构建科学完善的科研实践共同体和培养拔尖创新人才具有理论和实践意义。     

成长经历和社会支撑如何影响大学生的创业动机？--基于创业自我效能感的整合作用

基于认知动机理论,本文修正现有创业动机理论与创业认知理论,提出了创业认知调节因素整合个体因素和创业环境因素共同作用于个体创业动机的认知创业动机理论分析框架,并构建出成长经历和社会支撑经由创业自我效能感间接影响大学生创业动机的概念模型,以全国11所高校的大学生为样本进行了实证检验。结果表明,创业自我效能感直接决定大学生的创业动机,成长经历和社会支撑通过大学生创业自我效能感的整合和中介作用间接地影响大学生的创业动机。本研究从理论上厘清了个体因素和创业环境因素共同影响创业动机的内在逻辑,在实证上检验了成长经历和社会支撑共同影响大学生创业动机的内在机制,为激发和增强我国大学生的创业动机提供了理论和实践依据。     

The influence of entrepreneurial marketing processes and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on community vulnerability,risk, and resilience

This paper uses the 2010/2011 Christchurch earthquake and re-development efforts as an exemplar to explore how entrepreneurial marketing processes combined with entrepreneurial self-efficacy can be leveraged to help a community reduce its vulnerability to natural disasters and enhance its resilience. Manyena's (Manyena, S. B. (2006). The concept of resilience revisited. Disasters, 30, 433–450; Manyena, S. B. (2012). Disaster and development paradigms: Too close for comfort? Development Policy Review, 30, 327–345) vulnerability–resilience theory is used as the conceptual framework to delineate the prophylactic benefits of building a community's entrepreneurial marketing process capabilities and the notion of entrepreneurial self-efficacy as defensive mechanisms to mitigate the effect of disasters. This work has resulted in an augmented disaster risk equation that considers: (1) the risk that a natural disaster poses on a community (as a function of the vulnerability of the community's tangible assets); (2) the hazard potential of the disaster; and (3) the resilience of its social and economic systems. This paper develops a measure of the symbiotic interrelationship of a community's entrepreneurial marketing process capabilities and community-level entrepreneurial self-efficacy to illustrate how leveraging the entrepreneurial, marketing, social, and engineering educational resources of a community can create a less vulnerable and more resilient community. In doing so, the paper develops a set of research propositions to guide future research and policy.     

Environmentalism—A Question of Guilt? Testing a Model of Guilt Arousal and Effects for Environmental Campaigns

Guilt has been identified as a crucial factor mediating the effects of social campaigns. So far, however, knowledge regarding the process of guilt arousal is limited. This paper studies processes of guilt arousal and effects for the context of environmental donation campaigns. Following the extended parallel process model, environmental concern and self-efficacy are introduced as main predictors. Results of an experiment show that guilt arousal enhances campaign effects for those with a high concern but is the wrong strategy to reach those with a low concern. Guilt arousal is not influenced by self-efficacy and occurs independently of emotional message frames.     

‘Lights,Camera, Action!’ Video Technology and Students' Perceptions of Oral Communication in Accounting Education

Abstract

This paper examines the influence of an authentic assessment item on three dimensions of oral communication in accounting education: skills, self-efficacy, and relevance. An explanatory mixed methods design is used to explore students' perceptions of their development. The results indicate that an elevator pitch assessment has a positive impact on all three dimensions. In particular, the employed video technology fosters greater self-awareness and a more accurate perception of skill levels, and enhances students' self-efficacy. The contextualised learning experience also enables students to better appreciate the relevance of oral communication to their future careers. The paper extends the literature on video technology, self-efficacy, and generic skills development in accounting education, and provides relevant stakeholders with evidence of an authentic activity that can assist with bridging the skills-expectation gap.     

Antecedents of employee's preference for knowledge-sharing tools

This study examines individual antecedents of employees' preference for formal or informal knowledge-sharing tools. We propose that the preference for different tools is determined by the combined effects of willingness to share knowledge, trust and role breadth self-efficacy (RBSE). The findings of the empirical study, which was conducted at a medium-sized Chinese company (N = 860), revealed that willingness to seek knowledge was related to the usage of both formal and informal tools. Furthermore, the willingness to give knowledge was significantly related to the usage of formal tools. RBSE had a significantly positive impact on both formal and informal knowledge-sharing tools' usage, while its effects on formal tools' usage were stronger than those on informal tools. Affect-based trust had a significantly positive impact on the usage of informal knowledge sharing, which was also stronger than its impact on formal tools' usage. Cognition-based trust positively moderated the relationship between willingness to seek knowledge and the usage of formal tools, and the relationship between willingness to share knowledge and informal tools' usage.     

Examining the motivators of training transfer in an enterprise systems context

Enterprise systems (ES) are large software packages that have been widely adopted, but are complex to deploy. One way to obtain more value from them is to train end-users. However, little is known about the effectiveness of ES training. This study examines post-training behaviour in the ES environment through the concept of training transfer and the theoretical framework of self-determination theory. It proposes that end-users’ computer self-efficacy (CSE) and mastery orientation (MO), as well as the perceived ease-of-use (PEOU) of a system, influence their motivation to transfer the skills they have gained during training to their work environment and to use the system. Data was collected from 170 ES end-users, who had previously attended ES training, through a survey. Partial least squares modelling was used to analyse the data, and all of the hypotheses were supported. This study is among the first few studies that investigate the more distal impact of information systems training.     

When Does Public Service Motivation Fuel the Job Satisfaction Fire? The Joint Moderation of Person–Organization Fit and Needs–Supplies Fit

Abstract

This study takes a comparative approach to study the ‘outcome’ performance of a work-integration social enterprise (WISE) and a ‘for-profit’ work-integration organization that both provided employment enhancement programmes to NEETs. Participants at both organizations completed general self-efficacy questionnaires before and after engagement on the programmes. Additionally, semi-structured interviews and focus groups were held with the owners and staff at both organizations. The results revealed no significant difference between the ‘outcome’ performance of the WISE and for-profit organization. However, an analysis of the organizational aims, values and structures suggests that the ‘added value’ offered by the WISE came from the different induction policy that it operated.     

Impact of knowledge oriented leadership on knowledge management behaviour through employee work attitudes

Abstract

Despite the acknowledged importance of knowledge management (KM), many employees avoid practicing KM at the individual level. This avoidance often leads to loss of the intellectual capital due to employee turnover. Many potential behavioural remedies are still untapped in the existing literature. This study extends the construct of knowledge oriented leadership (KOL) and examines its role in predicting KM behaviour among employees of the hospitality sector, at the individual level. It also investigates the mediating effect of employee work attitudes including affective commitment, creative self-efficacy and work engagement, by using partial least square for structure equation modelling. This study finds that KOL positively affects KM behaviour, affective commitment, creative self-efficacy and employee work engagement. Work attitudes (affective commitment, creative self-efficacy, work engagement) mediate the relationship of KOL and KM behaviour. Furthermore the direct positive effect of employee affective commitment, creative self-efficacy and work engagement on KM behaviour is also significant. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by extending the construct of KOL, and by investigating the connection between KOL, work attitudes, and KM behaviour among hospitality employees, at the individual level.