大学生创业意愿影响因素研究——基于社会网络关系视角

大学生创业意愿有多方面影响因素,重点是社会网络因素。家人、学校等社会网络强关系通过影响创业态度和创业自我效能感影响并作用于创业意愿,网络榜样力量也会对创业意愿产生积极影响。家人、学校等外部因素要给与大学生支持、鼓励和经验传授,给予创业实践帮助,大学生自己要注重积累创业资源,提高创业意愿,通过正向的创业态度和创业效能感来影响创业意愿。     

Achievement Goal Theory: The Relationship of Accounting Students’ Goal Orientations with Self-efficacy,Anxiety, and Achievement

Abstract

Students’ goal orientations are examined using two major frameworks for learning: achievement goal theory (AGT) and students’ approaches to learning (SAL). Previous student success research is extended, by examining goal constructs from the AGT framework to determine if they help explain the learning process in accounting. Data were gathered using an established instrument and used to examine how mastery and performance goals are related to students’ academic expectations, achievement, self-efficacy, and test anxiety. Cluster analysis was used to identify four motivation groupings (multiple-goal, mastery, performance, and low motivation). Pairwise comparisons of groups, for expected grades, self-efficacy, anxiety, final exam grade, and course grade, identified differences among some of the clusters. Results suggest that a combination of mastery and performance goal motivations, rather than a singular perspective, may provide better outcomes related to course grades, while reducing dysfunctional outcomes. Based on the results, suggestions are provided to help instructors influence student success.     

The Sheldon effect: fixed mindset does not always mean fragile confidence

ABSTRACT

More than just intelligence is needed to learn accounting. We see from prior work that the non-cognitive aspects of learning can influence the experience for accounting students. We investigate by survey both self-efficacy beliefs [Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215] and mindset [Dweck, C. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. Random House] relative to academic performance of accounting students in a first year university course. Analysis of the data shows that mindset is not a predictor of academic success, whereas self-efficacy beliefs have explanatory power. Dweck [2000. Self-theories: Their role in motivation, personality, and development. Psychology Press; 2006. Mindset: The new psychology of success. Random House] claims that students with a fixed mindset also will have fragile confidence. By measuring both self-efficacy beliefs and mindset together, we provide evidence that this may in fact not be the case. Students can have a fixed mindset and high confidence towards learning accounting.     

运用网络教学提高口语学习自我效能感

自我效能感是班杜拉社会学习理论的一个重要概念。运用网络进行口语教学可以充分提高学生的自我效能感,消除交际恐惧,提高口语课堂教学效果与学生的口语能力。     

The Place Identity - Performance relationship among tourism entrepreneurs: A structural equation modelling analysis

Drawing on the literature on tourism, entrepreneurship, environmental psychology, and corporate philanthropy, this research examines how place identity, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and support for community influence the entrepreneurial performance of small and medium tourism enterprise (SMTE) owners. Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling are used to analyse the responses from 301 tourism entrepreneurs operating in regional South Australia. The data supports a model suggesting that the place identity of tourism entrepreneurs has a significant, positive effect on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and support for the community. Findings also suggest that the place identity of tourism entrepreneurs has a positive, indirect effect on entrepreneurial performance: a tourism entrepreneur’s sense of identity with the place in which his/her business operates contributes toward entrepreneurial success.     

A Cross-National Study of Personal Initiative as a Mediator between Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Intentions

Although considerable research has highlighted that high levels of self-efficacy are associated with high levels of entrepreneurial intentions, little attention has been paid to the mediating effects of different variables on the relations between self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions. Integrating theoretical work on self-efficacy with personal initiative literature, I developed a model of entrepreneurial intentions that included both the independent effects of self-efficacy and control variables and the mediating effect of personal initiative on entrepreneurial intentions. I tested this model with a sample of 429 students from four universities in emerging and developed countries. Results indicate that personal initiative fully mediates the effect of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions. I uncover that the level of self-efficacy is significantly higher among the students in an emerging economy. However, no significant difference was observed in the reported levels of personal initiative in two contexts.     

Violence against women and new venture initiation with microcredit: Self-efficacy,fear of failure,and disaster experiences

Domestic violence is the most prevalent form of gender-based violence that threatens the wellbeing and dignity of women. In this paper, we examine whether and how exposure to physical or sexual assault by male partners influences women's decision to initiate a new business when they have access to financing. We collected primary data from rural Bangladesh in collaboration with a microfinance institution that provided small collateral-free loans to a group of married women. We conducted a baseline survey before loan disbursement and then conducted a follow-up survey 12 to 15 months later to collect information on loan usage. We find that women who experienced physical or sexual violence by their husband before receiving a loan are less likely to initiate a new business with their loan than those who did not experience such violence. Exposure to domestic violence obstructs the initiation of new businesses through reduced entrepreneurial self-efficacy and increased fear of business failure. The adverse impact of domestic violence is more detrimental for women who recently experienced another potentially traumatic event—an environmental disaster—than for those without such an experience.     

Exploring the role played by entrepreneurial self-efficacy among women entrepreneurs in tourism sector

This study aimed to explore how entrepreneurial self-efficacy impacts firms' performance among women entrepreneurs in developing countries in tourism and hospitality industry. Survey data collected from women entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka confirmed entrepreneurial self-efficacy is influenced by social media, entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial role models, whereas education and work experience had no influence over entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The mediating behavior of entrepreneurial persistence behavior is confirmed. For entrepreneurship stakeholders, this research revealed a critical factor that entrepreneurial self-efficacy is influenced by social media in digital world of technologies. Moreover, this research provided a validated model of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, enhancing its usage during the adversity or growth stages of business while producing valuable insights to policy makers in developing countries, enhancing women entrepreneurs’ contribution to the economy.     

员工道德认同与任务绩效：基于人际交换关系视角

区别于道德决策理论对道德认同影响个体行为的解释,本研究基于人际交换关系视角,探究领导-部属交换和团队-同事交换在道德认同影响任务绩效过程中的中介作用,并考察员工自我效能在以上关系中的调节作用。通过对343名企业员工开展两轮问卷调查,统计分析结果表明：（1）领导部属交换和团队-同事交换在道德认同与任务绩效之间起部分中介作用;（2）自我效能显著调节了领导-部属交换/团队-同事交换与任务绩效的关系;（3）自我效能显著调节了领导-部属交换/团队-同事交换在道德认同与任务绩效之间的中介作用。     

The Impact of Environment Uncertainty and Effectual Flexibility on Entrepreneurial Resource Combination: The Moderating Effect of Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy

Entrepreneurial resource combination is widely recognized as a key enabling factor to a new venture’s survival and growth, but how and why resources are integrated remain elusive. Borrowing from the theory of resource combination proposed by Sirmon, Hitt and Ireland (2007), this study empirically examines how environmental uncertainty impacts entrepreneurial resource combination. We also examine the mediating effect of effectual flexibility on the relationship between environmental uncertainty and entrepreneurial resource combination to see how new ventures utilize flexibility to neutralize the threat of environmental uncertainty. The moderating effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy is also examined to see how entrepreneurs’ self-cognition affects these relationships. Examining data from 287 new ventures, we find that both environmental dynamism and environmental hostility have significantly positive influence on entrepreneurial resource combination (including entrepreneurial resource cohesion and entrepreneurial resource coupling). We also find that flexibility mediates the relationship between environmental uncertainty (including environmental dynamism and environmental hostility) and entrepreneurial resource combination. Empirical studies also show that entrepreneurial self-efficacy positively moderates the relationship between environmental dynamism and flexibility but negatively moderates the relationship between environmental hostility and flexibility. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.