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81.
本文以行为理论为基础,从动态视角出发,探讨完整经济周期下,创业者创业市场信心与创业行为间关系的变化趋势。同时,分析创业者所处国家的经济发展水平与发展导向及自身社会经济地位在创业市场信心对创业行为正向作用变化趋势中的调节效应。本文根据2006—2015年全球创业观察(GEM)与世界银行数据库(WBD),构建混合截面数据来探索创业者创业市场信心的反应及其差异。研究发现:(1)在经济衰退期内,创业市场信心对创业行为的正向作用会显著减弱。在随后的经济扩张初期,创业市场信心对创业行为的正向作用会明显增强;(2)处于发展中国家及高经济外向度国家的创业者,创业市场信心对创业行为的正向作用的减弱与增强均会更加剧烈。另外,补充研究发现:(3)仅在经济扩张初期,创业者社会经济地位能积极调节时间对创业市场信心与创业行为间关系的调节效果。本文揭示了创业市场信心与创业行为间关系的变化趋势及该变化产生的边界条件,在一定程度上丰富了创业心理驱动要素对创业行为影响的动态研究,并促进实践界关注经济衰退对创业市场信心冲击而带来的创业活动萎靡的潜在风险。 相似文献
82.
Extending social comparison theory to the context of interfirm competition, we investigate whether and under what conditions firms may benefit by deviating from consumers' views concerning firm comparisons. Based on all of the possible dyadic competitive comparisons among the 26 automakers in the United States, we found that: (1) a focal firm enjoys a greater increase in sales than the target firm when it compares itself with a more reputable target firm, even though consumers do not perceive the focal firm to be comparable to the more reputable firm; and (2) a focal firm enjoys a greater increase in sales than the target firm when it avoids comparison with a less reputable target firm, even though consumers compare the focal firm with the less reputable firm. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
83.
非营利组织与企业在社会责任建设领域存在一定的契合性,由于其战略目标和宗旨存在一致性和互补性,所以两者可以达成合作的目标。非营利组织可以成为企业履行社会责任的代理、监督、标准制定、环境创造等机构,其推动企业履行社会责任的作用机制呈现出一种金字塔式的结构特点。 相似文献
84.
土地法与中国农村的社会变迁存在着互动的辨证关系。一方面,土地法的演变源于中国社会和农村的深刻变革,各种政治、经济或文化的力量催生中国土地法律制度的变迁;另一方面,中国农村社会在土地法的推动下不断迈向现代社会。人口构成、社会分层、农村基本经济制度、社会治理模式、农民行为模式和心理习惯等,是这种关系展开的不同层面。迄今,这种相互影响、相互促进的互动关系仍在继续。 相似文献
85.
Victor Pestoff 《Public Management Review》2014,16(3):383-401
AbstractThis article addresses the sustainability of citizen/user participation in the provision of public services, often referred to as co-production. Co-producing public services not only promises to limit cost, but it also requires a change in the relations and behaviour of public servants and citizens/users, in order for the latter to make a long-term commitment to co-production. The article notes that Olsen proposes two logics of collective action, not just one. Focusing on small group interaction can provide an important strategy for achieving sustainable co-production, particularly of enduring welfare services. However, Ostrom criticizes too simplistic approaches based on size alone for promoting social cooperation in collective action situations. She proposes seven structural variables of importance in resolving social dilemmas. Several of them can also be perceived as factors that facilitate sustainable citizen participation in co-production. Some additional factors are also considered important for sustainable co-production, like the nature of the service itself, organizational diversity, a dialogue between the staff and clients, and facilitating small group interactions in large organizations. This article concludes that governments should develop more flexible, service-specific and organization-specific approaches for promoting co-production, rather than looking for simple ‘one size fits all’ solutions to the challenges facing public service delivery, particularly of enduring welfare services. It also proposes a research agenda on sustainable co-production. 相似文献
86.
爱因斯坦说,时间是一种错觉;普利高津则说,确定性是一种错觉。而文章认为,均衡也是一种错觉:集体选择的结果存在内生的不确定性。基于个体战略行动的多样性,文章从利益分配的角度对集体选择的不确定性作出了理论上的证明。认识到集体选择的不确定性特征对于理解社会的运行以及设计与社会控制相关的制度规章都具有重要的意义。 相似文献
87.
无网上购物经验的消费者橱窗购物行为——基于交易成本视角的实证研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文基于交易成本经济学理论,应用结构方程模型,对我国无网上购物经验的消费者的橱窗购物行为进行研究。研究结果表明,在我国,无网上购物经验的消费者的橱窗购物行为受交易成本的影响很大。研究同时表明,交易成本与不确定性、资产专用性和信任度密切相关。如果消费者信任倾向低,在面对高不确定性和高资产专用性时,会感受到较高的交易成本。而当消费者面对高可靠性和详细的隐私政策时,则倾向于在网上购物中加大投入成本。 相似文献
88.
89.
《Journal of Strategic Marketing》2012,20(4):313-322
This paper describes how mystery shopping can be used to gain valuable strategic input in B2B service relationships. We account for a longitudinal case study framed as a natural experiment (duration 18 months) in a Swedish group of consultancy companies offering a wide selection of industrial services to large Scandinavian corporations. We account for and analyse the process of building a mystery shopping procedure to get strategic insights from engineers delivering temporary consultancy services to these clients. After a successful trial period with three mystery shoppers the experiment (a guideline covering the themes of map, smoke and mirror as metaphors) has been extended to comprise a larger group of engineers and may be taken up in a company-wide way. The experiment was deemed effective in developing both a procedure for mystery shopping and a new way to train the consultants. 相似文献
90.
《Journal of Property Research》2012,29(2):149-156
Summary Locational factors, such as site‐specific physical characteristics and geographically linked locational attributes, comprise some of the most important components of shopping centres that make them more or less valuable to the space customer. However, previous empirical research has focused primarily on the financial element of shopping centre selection, while virtually ignoring the physical and locational attributes. This study identifies and defines specific locational factors that are felt to be important to shopping centre success. After establishing a framework for evaluating these factors, the framework is tested in a local market to examine a shopping centre's potential viability. Finally, the locational elements that are identified and evaluated are compared with the financial elements of the test centres to show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the locational elements and the rent and occupancy levels. The primary implication of this research is that potential tenants, as well as developers, owners and lenders, should incorporate these locational elements in addition to the financial elements in making their space decisions. 相似文献