The brain drain, ‘educated unemployment’, human capital formation,and economic betterment1

Extending both the ‘harmful brain drain’ literature and the ‘beneficial brain gain’ literature, this paper analyzes both the negative and the positive impact of migration by skilled individuals in a unified framework. The paper extends the received literature on the ‘harmful brain drain’ by showing that in the short run, international migration can result in ‘educated unemployment’ and overeducation in developing countries, as well as a brain drain from these countries. A simulation suggests that the costs of ‘educated unemployment’ and overeducation can amount to significant losses for the individuals concerned, who may constitute a substantial proportion of the educated individuals. Adopting a dynamic framework, it is then shown that due to the positive externality effect of the prevailing, economy‐wide endowment of human capital on the formation of human capital, a relaxation in migration policy in both the current period and the preceding period can facilitate ‘take‐off’ of a developing country in the current period. Thus, it is suggested that while the migration of some educated individuals may reduce the social welfare of those who stay behind in the short run, it improves it in the long run.     

抵制日货问题的政治经济学思考

从抵制日货的原因、利弊和困境方面看,抵制日货不能走形而上学“非此即彼”的极端,只能是“有理、有利、有节和有度”的有限抵制,而且要刚柔相济有张有弛,并突出对日交流和中日友好的善意。就事论事抵制“问题日货”,合情合理合法,但要光明磊落理直气壮且减少其负效应,则需倡导“民意”嬗变:支持国货,抵制劣货。     

Cigarette pack and advertising displays at point of purchase: community demand for restrictions

Tobacco promotion influences tobacco consumption. Traditional forms of tobacco promotion have been heavily restricted in response to the harmful effects of tobacco. Tobacco displays at the point of purchase are increasingly important as a means of communicating brand imagery for the tobacco industry, especially when advertising is restricted at these points. Previous research has demonstrated that children exposed to tobacco advertising at the point of purchase have inflated perceptions of availability, use and popularity of tobacco. Internationally, laws are being debated and implemented to prohibit or restrict the display of tobacco at the point of purchase or put tobacco out of sight. Such measures would reduce tobacco product exposure and, hence, tobacco marketing among youth and the community. In South Australia, a ban on all cigarette advertising at the point of purchase was introduced in 2005. This study was designed to assess community support for restrictions on cigarette displays and advertising at the point of purchase. A telephone survey was conducted with a random sample of 2026 South Australian adults (aged 18 years and over) in July 2005. Overall, 63% of the community approved of a hypothetical total ban on cigarette displays at the point of purchase, with over three‐quarters believing this should happen in the next 12 months. A further 24% believed that cigarette displays should be restricted and 82% would approve of a ban on displays in stores that sell confectionary. Only 7% of adult smokers reported making their decision about the brand of cigarettes to buy at the point of purchase and 90% made their decision before they even entered the shop. The results strengthen arguments that cigarette displays are not necessary to maintain brand loyalty or to encourage brand switching of established smokers. Instead, the results make arguments more credible that cigarette displays normalize and promote smoking among young people and may also promote unplanned purchase or increased consumption among less frequent smokers or former smokers. Placing cigarettes out of sight would be unlikely to impact on brand choice for most smokers, who have already made up their mind before they enter the store.     

Corporate Sustainability Performance and Idiosyncratic Risk: A Global Perspective

Does investing in sustainability leaders affect portfolio performance? Analyzing two mutually exclusive leading and lagging global corporate sustainability portfolios (Dow Jones) finds that (1) leading sustainability firms do not underperform the market portfolio, and (2) their lagging counterparts outperform the market portfolio and the leading portfolio. Notably, we find leading (lagging) corporate social performance (CSP) firms exhibit significantly lower (higher) idiosyncratic risk and that idiosyncratic risk might be priced by the broader global equity market. We develop an idiosyncratic risk factor and find that its inclusion significantly reduces the apparent difference in performance between leading and lagging CSP portfolios.     

基于社会责任角度对垄断国企上缴利润的思考

垄断企业得到垄断的超额利润,会导致社会贫富差距进一步分化,造成社会福利的损失。我国垄断企业的超额利润长期稳定存在。从增加社会福利的角度考虑,应加强垄断国有企业对垄断超额利润的上缴,并构建相应的垄断国企上缴利润的制度框架,实现有效的收入再分配。这是基于社会责任对垄断国有企业提出的要求。     

基于场控理论的区域社会经济系统运行管理问题初探

系统科学的产生，使人们对研究对象的认识及研究方法和思路发生了根本性的变化。文章以系统科学为基础，在全面分析系统构成及系统功能势态演化基础上，对系统场及系统场控的作用机理进行了研究，规划和设计了区域社会经济系统运行的系统场控功能，构建了确保地区社会经济系统协调运行的管理机制总体框架，旨在为地区社会经济系统的持续发展和管理监控提供了现实可操作性的参考依据。     

会计人员终身学习的人文环境研究

随着世界经济的发展和我国社会主义市场经济的发展，科学技术和创新理论不断发展，终身教育、终身学习已成为社会发展的客观要求，许多国家都以立法的形式将终身学习纳入法治的轨道，中国改革开放30年来，社会经济也得到突飞猛进的发展，但是尚未建立有效的适合于会计人员终身学习的人文环境。文章从以人为本、良好的秩序、终身学习的科学理念、社会和谐、爱岗敬业精神、社会公平与平等方面研究会计人员终身学习人文环境建设，认为只有创建良好的人文环境，才能留住人才、用好人才，满足社会和经济发展的需要。     

大型储存设施——圆顶保温仓库

圆顶保温仓库，具有结构简单、高强度、无梁、无柱、密封、保温、通风性能良好等特点。它是储存粮食、蔬菜、瓜果、肉类的理想设备