Claiming Rights To Mobility Through The Right To Inhabitance: Discursive Articulations from Civic Actors in Montreal

How do claims for rights to mobility intersect with grievances pertaining to spatial justice in the city? This article addresses the issue by studying the concrete connections made by activists promoting car alternatives in Montreal. The activists' discursive categories point to the centrality of their conditions of inhabitance in their claims for certain rights to mobility. The discourses are analysed in the context of demands for safe spaces to walk and cycle in Montreal, and in the context of opposition to the rebuilding of the Turcot highway interchange. The article discusses internal dynamics of collective action, as well as the external influences and controls on activists contesting automobility to various degrees and with different spatially grounded priorities. The claims for rights to mobility rely on locally articulated priorities for better conditions of inhabitance, yet with a transversal reliance on a shared sense of threat and vulnerability, and on the representations of a community (whether local or multi‐scalar), enabling changes in the physical framing of mobility.     

A two-step approach to account for unobserved spatial heterogeneity

A two-step approach to account for unobserved spatial heterogeneity. Spatial Economic Analysis. Empirical analysis in economics often faces the difficulty that the data are correlated and heterogeneous in some unknown form. Spatial econometric models have been widely used to account for dependence structures, but the problem of directly dealing with unobserved spatial heterogeneity has been largely unexplored. The problem can be serious particularly if we have no prior information justified by economic theory. In this paper we propose a two-step procedure to identify endogenously spatial regimes in the first step and to account for spatial dependence in the second step. This procedure is applied to hedonic house price analysis.     

ENDOGENOUS FLEXIBILITY IN THE FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM

We investigate the flexible manufacturing system (FMS) by using the spatial price discrimination framework of Pal. The degree of flexibility when producing variants can be increased by increasing the investment or production cost and is endogenously determined. Our result is that private incentives for increasing flexibility are excessive from a social welfare perspective.     

An integrated approach for spatial analysis of the coupling relationship between tourism footprint and environment in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China

This study aims at examining the spatial relationship between tourism footprint network and comprehensive environment which contains economic, social and ecological environment. The integrated approach combining network analysis and the coupling coordination degree model with spatial autocorrelation analysis was developed to analyze the network structure of regional tourism footprint, to evaluate the coupling coordination degree of tourism footprint network and comprehensive environment, and to explore the spatial pattern of the coupling coordination development. Data were collected from the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China. The results revealed that tourism footprints were concentrated in a few cities, and the regional coupling coordination degree showed a weak negative spatial autocorrelation. Beijing, Tianjin and Baoding had high agglomeration, while their spillover effect is not significant. Shijiazhuang and Qinhuangdao located in the High–Low area are potential growth poles. Findings indicate the integrated approach established is objective and effective, and contributes to macro policy-making of regional tourism development.     

省域研发投入溢出效应的实证分析

基于我国2005—2014年的31个省际面板数据，将研发投入作为变量引入到区域经济增长的回归模型中，并结合空间计量的方法研究分析了本省的研发投入对经济的增长和邻近省份的研发投入的溢出效应。全样本和分区域结果都表明自主研发投入对经济的增长均有明显的促进作用；自主研发投入的经济增长效应存在差异，东部最强，中部次之，西部最弱，邻近省份的研发投入溢出效应显著，东中西部呈梯度下降趋势。     

中国东、中、西地区碳排放空间差异测度及成因研究

碳排放空间差异测度研究对于科学合理地制定我国节能减排政策具有一定的指导意义。本文采用总离差和平均差测度了中国东部、中部和西部三大地区人均碳排放的空间差异,然后基于地区分解和kaya恒等式的总离差因素分解模型分析了差异的来源和成因。研究发现,2000年以来,三大地区人均碳排放量空间差异呈扩大态势,碳排放差异主要来源于地区内部,主要成因是人均GDP ,其次是能源强度和能源结构,其中西部人均GDP的贡献率初期较小但增长迅速。本文研究结论表明,在推进节能减排进程中,除了要优化能源结构和提高能源利用效率外,针对不同地区应制定不同的节能减排政策,体现节能减排政策的差异化。     

空间异质性、收入门槛与财政支农减贫效应

本文构建空间面板模型检验1993－2013年我国财政支农减贫效应,并应用门槛面板模型考察财政支农减贫效应的门槛特征。研究表明,我国财政支农减贫效应显著,财政支农与贫困发生率在空间上呈非均衡分布,财政支农减贫效应具有明显的空间异质性;门槛检验结果显示,财政支农的减贫弹性随着农民人均收入的提高,出现先增加后减小的变化规律。本文研究结论对调整和完善财政支农政策启示明显：在鼓励和督促地方政府加大财政支农力度的同时,中央政府应充分考虑财政支农减贫的空间异质性和门槛特征,在配置财政支农资金时适当向辐射力强的省份以及农民人均收入水平低的省份倾斜,确保财政支农资金的减贫效应得以最大程度地发挥。     

金融集聚、区域房价如何影响产业结构升级：双轮驱动还是双向抑制？

金融集聚和区域房价对产业结构升级的影响机制可以从地理角度和经济角度运用空间杜宾模型来考察。研究结果显示,金融集聚、区域房价及产业结构升级存在较强的正向空间自相关性,呈现出较强的扩散效应和示范效应。金融集聚通过资源配置效应、规模经济效应、创新激励效应和风险管理效应等路径来影响产业结构升级,区域房价通过成本效应和劳动力供给效应等路径来影响产业结构升级。金融集聚、区域房价对产业结构升级均有显著的正向促进作用;两者互动对产业结构升级有显著抑制作用,但存在明显的地区差异性。科技创新、外商直接投资及教育水平对产业结构升级有积极的促进作用,政府干预程度对产业结构升级有明显的阻碍作用。     

长三角地区旅游空间结构演进研究：2001-2012

文章利用泰尔指数、多边形最小外接圆等方法,运用MATlAB8.0软件,分析上海市、江苏省、浙江省2001-2012年的基本旅游数据,考察长三角地区旅游空间结构的演进规律。结果表明:十几年间,长三角区域旅游业发展的地区差距有缩小的趋势,旅游空间结构极化的态势经历了从高度不均衡到持续稳定的不均衡状态,区域中心的辐射能力增强,极化状态短期内可能不会改变。各因子对旅游空间结构演进的影响程度,经历了从平衡到不平衡的变化。政策环境等因素影响旅游空间结构从点线旅游向板块旅游运行方式演化,旅游极化—飞地空间格局正在形成。     

浙江省县域经济发展差异时空演变分析

文章以浙江省69个县域单元为研究对象,利用非参数核密度估计和探索性空间数据分析方法,采用1991-2011年县域人均国内生产总值数据,定量揭示浙江省县域经济发展的时空演变差异、空间相关性及其演化趋势。结论显示：浙江省县域经济发展水平整体提高的同时,县域经济发展差异逐渐加剧;全局自相关分析显示浙江省县域经济发展存在显著空间自相关性,并且表现出典型的高高集聚与低低集聚空间分布类型;局域自相关分析表明浙东北县域经济发展水平显著高于浙西南地区,整体上呈现明显的城乡二元空间经济结构,高高集聚与低低集聚对全省县域经济发展空间格局演化贡献程度最高。