省区市优势纺织业分布及变化趋势研究——基于集聚、规模与效率

研究各省区市优势纺织业的空间分布及演化过程,对于调整纺织业空间格局,优化产业结构,培育优势产业,振兴纺织行业,具有重要的现实意义。本文运用行业空间分布、行业规模水平、行业效率三个维度组合的分析方法,对1999~2007年各省区市优势纺织业的分布状况及变动过程进行了实证分析,在此基础上给出了相关对策建议。     

Analysis of spatial variance clustering in the hedonic modeling of housing prices

This paper examines the spatial dependency exhibited by the error term variance of hedonic modeling based on German housing price data. To this end, it applies the spatial autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (SARCH) model previously discussed in housing literature, which allows for the consideration of spatial dependency when modeling the error variance of hedonic pricing. This model represents a spatialized version of the well-known ARCH-model used in time series analysis. Consistent with previous findings, this paper confirms the existence of spatial conditional heteroscedasticity, i.e. dependency in the error variance. However, this spatial dependency is not a global phenomenon, but can be ascribed to spatial concentrations of apartments with a relatively high variance in a small number of the same neighborhoods. The analysis of spatial heteroscedasticity helps to improve the estimation efficiency and prediction accuracy. In addition, spatial differences can be used to account for idiosyncratic risk when conducting mass appraisal.     

Space matters: the importance of amenity in planning metropolitan growth

Most Australian capital cities require many 100,000s of additional dwellings to accommodate demographic change and population pressures in the next two or three decades. Urban growth will come in the form of infill, consolidation and urban expansion. Plans to redevelop environmental amenities such as parks and open green spaces are regularly being put forward to local councils and State governments. Maintaining parks and reserves represents one of the largest costs to local councils. To aid in the evaluation of some of the different propositions, we report the results of a spatial hedonic pricing model with fixed effects for Adelaide, South Australia. The results indicate that the private benefits of a close proximity to golf courses, green space sporting facilities, or the coast, are in the order $0.54, $1.58, and $4.99 per metre closer (when evaluated at the median respectively). The historic Adelaide Parklands add $1.55 to a property’s value for each additional metre closer. We demonstrate how the estimated model could be used to calculate how local private benefits capitalized in property values change with changes in the configuration of a park.     

Promotion and Fast Food Demand

Many believe that fast food promotion is a significant cause of the obesity epidemic in North America. Industry members argue that promotion only reallocates brand shares and does not increase overall demand. We study the effect of fast food promotion on market share and total demand by estimating a discrete / continuous model of fast food restaurant choice and food expenditure that explicitly accounts for both spatial and temporal determinants of demand. Estimates are obtained using a unique panel of Canadian fast food consumers. The results show that promotion primarily increases demand and has a smaller effect on restaurant market shares.     

Identification and Estimation of Club Convergence Models with Spatial Dependence

This article deals with heterogeneity and spatial dependence in economic growth analysis by developing a two‐stage strategy that identifies clubs by a mapping analysis and estimates a club convergence model with spatial dependence. Since estimation of this class of convergence models in the presence of regional heterogeneity poses both identification and collinearity problems, we develop an entropy‐based estimation procedure that simultaneously takes account of ill‐posed and ill‐conditioned inference problems. The two‐step strategy is applied to assess the existence of club convergence and to estimate a two‐club spatial convergence model across Italian regions over the period 1970 to 2000.     

Employment Growth in Italian Local Labour Systems: Issues of Model Specification and Sectoral Aggregation

Abstract

In this paper we construct a model to estimate local employment growth in Italian local labour markets for the period 1991–2001. The model is constructed in a similar manner to the original models of Glaeser et al. (1992), Henderson et al. (1995) and Combes (2000). Our objective is to identify the extent to which the results estimated by these types of models are themselves sensitive to the model specification. In order to do this we extend the basic models by successively incorporating new explanatory variables into the model framework. In addition, and for the first time, we also estimate these same models at two different levels of sectoral aggregation, for the same spatial structure. Our results indicate that these models are highly sensitive to sectoral aggregation and classification and our results therefore strongly support the use of highly disaggregated data.     

基于CCA-MDEA方法的蚌埠市大中型企业绩效评价

分别应用传统的DEA模型与改进的DEA模型对蚌埠市14家大中型企业进行评价,评价的结果表明,改进的DEA模型具备更强的效率区分能力,其评价结果更加科学与精确,与蚌埠市企业的实际运作吻合,体现了较高的实用性。该方法的提出与应用能够成为DEA方法的有效补充,为企业的效率评价提出新的思路。     

Banks’ interconnections and peer effects: Evidence from Chile

In this paper, we identify and quantify the importance of endogenous peer effects in the interbank market, allowing for varying degrees of intensity of these peer effects. We base our analysis on a unique dataset that includes all interbank loans that have taken place between 15 banks in the Chilean interbank market representing more than 95% of the market between 2009 and 2016. This approach contrasts sharply with the geographical definition of peers used by most of the literature. As an application of our model, we examine an episode of liquidity shortage experienced by one Chilean bank in the interbank market, with the lenses of our model. We show evidence consistent with a herding behavior of the lender banks which, according to our model, were peers of the stressed bank.     

Towns and rural industrialisation in Sweden 1850–1890: A spatial statistical approach

Abstract

Using a spatial statistical analysis we study the relation between rural industrial employment and distance to towns and access to communications in nineteenth century Sweden. Our results show that rural parishes with access to communications had a higher proportion of rural industrial workers than parishes without. In a region with few towns, the south-east of Sweden, parishes close to large towns had a higher proportion of industrial employees than distant parishes in 1850, while no significant correlation was observed in 1890. In a region with a relatively dense urban system, Mälardalen, only in 1890 did parishes close to large towns show a higher proportion of rural industrial workers than did more distant parishes. However, the mean positive effect was negligible beyond 10 km. Thus, in the second half of the nineteenth century the immediate urban hinterland was industrialising prior to large scale urbanisation and urban industrialisation.     

铁路大型客运站地区城市交通衔接组织研究

以北京站、北京南站为代表分析我国铁路大型客运站地区城市交通衔接的发展，借鉴国外柏林中央车站、巴黎拉德芳斯换乘枢纽设计经验，提出应以我国铁路大型客运站新建、改扩建为契机深化城市交通一体化工作。在我国的客运站设计中应增强信息引导、出入站口开设、站区交通规划、公共交通衔接、以及慢行交通的接入。