Socio-economic and biophysical determinants of land degradation in Vietnam: An integrated causal analysis at the national level

Recognizing the socio-economic and biophysical causes of land degradation at the national level is important for cause-targeted strategies when designing policies for combating land degradation. This study aims to identify the biophysical and socio-economic factors that significantly affect land degradation across Vietnam and to interpret the causalities underlying the effects. The dependent variables considered in the study are spatial, the extent and intensity of degradation in three land-use zones (agriculture, forest and severely degraded abandonment). The hypothesized explanatory variables are common economic and demographic drivers and bio-physical factors such as soil, terrain constraints, and neighborhood land-use structures that are often neglected in many large-scale land degradation assessments. Instead of using a single inferential statistic technique, we used multi-linear regression and binary logistic regression in a complementary manner to increase the detectability and credibility of the degradation cause analyses. The results showed agricultural production growth had strong and consistent effects on land degradation extent and intensity. Population growth, especially in rural areas, had a strong effect on the extent of overall land degradation. The importance of a neighboring forest was revealed for its ability to reduce land degradation intensity in abandoned, unproductive lands. The concrete faceting of the causal analysis for each land-use zone as social–ecological stratum allowed us to combine the defined social–ecological contexts, contemporary theories, and hypotheses in the field to clarify the causal factors of a complex phenomenon like land degradation. The study demonstrates these contemporary inferential statistics can be complementarily used to sufficiently detect and understand land degradation causes at the national level. The results suggest implications for national land management policy: internalizing land degradation costs in the farming system evaluation for payment for ecosystem services policy, restricting forest conversion, and improving extension services and education in agrarian communities.     

企业经营风险的成因分析及其控制

从根本上讲,企业经营活动的核心问题,就是要在收益和风险之间寻找最佳的平衡点。深入分析企业经营风险的成因,在此基础上提出有效控制经营风险的对策建议,可供企业经营者参考和借鉴。不同企业的经营风险各有其不尽相同的成因,就其一般性因素来看,可分为企业外部因素和企业内在因素两方面。然而,尤其重要的是,必须结合企业自身特点,从偿债能力、运营能力和盈利能力三个方面对公司面临的经营风险做出评估。通过对某市电力设备公司经营风险的实证分析,研究发现,预测、确定经营风险具体存在于哪个环节,可以为防范经营风险奠定基础。与此相应,通过对企业经营风险进行实证分析,可帮助企业掌握控制经营风险的一般策略,以及与其发展状况相匹配的控制经营风险的具体方法。     

中小型侦察监视特种飞机系统的设计技术

分析了当前国内外典型中小型特种飞机的特点和应用方向，阐述了中小型特种飞机系统的技术发展趋势。通过分析典型的特种通用飞机的性能和平台构型特点，详细描述了基于典型中小型特种飞机平台的机载侦察监视应用系统的组成、原理、主要性能及技术难点，并结合实际工程应用，介绍了系统的应用成果。应用分析表明，基于中小型特种飞机平台的机载平台的应用系统有较大的应用范围和市场前景。     

Policy Dimensions of Progressive Institutional Change: Lessons from China’s Construction of a Socialist Market Economy

Abstract:

Through a comprehensive review of the progressive institutional change (PIC) literature, I first discuss four possible trajectories of PIC by considering the forces of societal reaction that might frame the path, as well as the scale and scope of the changes. Thus, I pose four questions that need to be asked when related policies are formulated for PIC. To illustrate this method, I scrutinize the evidence from the construction of a socialist market economy by the Chinese government since the 1980s and argue that related policies have successfully promoted PIC from three dimensions: (1) curbing potential conflicts with power groups; (2) promoting a sense of awareness among stakeholders; and (3) minimizing disturbances to the community. Actually, the related changes demonstrate a dynamic “displacement process” for PICs. Despite the success of this sociosystem, it is found that the sustaining of PIC which requires policy factors that enhance instrumental efficiency in the Chinese context will serve as a challenge to the Chinese government ahead.     

专题微课生物化学教学新模式的探索与实践

专题微课教学是基于一门学科或课程的某个重要专题设计开发的教学模式。课题组在生物化学的课程中设计了专题微课。生物化学的专题微课教学包括确立教学目标、教学方法、微课录制与编辑加工等环节，应注意建立全新的网络教学平台、互动式教学、抓好指导小组资料整理等教学策略，其成功需要教师有较高的综合素质和教学技能。实践证明，生物化学的专题微课教学取得了良好的教学效果，学生的成绩有了一定提高。     

立式燃煤蒸汽锅炉炉胆鼓包典型事故分析

本文针对一起立式燃煤蒸汽锅炉炉胆鼓包变形事故,通过现场检验及材料金相,分析产生的原因,提出相应的预防措施。     

我国财政专项转移支付决策过程分析--以多源流分析为视角

财政转移支付是1994年实行分税制以来平衡中央-地方以及区域间财力不均的制度，我国专项转移支付又始终占据着财政转移支付的重大比重。专项转移支付在确定资金转移地区，资金转移项目以及每个专项拨款多少的标准是如何确定的？这些都取决于专项转移支付的决策过程。文章通过多源流分析视角来探析我国财政专项转移支付的决策过程中存在的问题，了解我国财政专项转移支付的决策过程。     

盐都自贡特色旅游产品的营销策划与推广

盐都特色旅游产品是自贡盐文化的标志性建筑之一,它既是千年盐都的文化缩影,又承载了自贡盐文化持续发展的重任。自贡市应抓住盐都特色,拓宽发展领域,拓展客源市场,将千年盐都历史文化融入到盐都特色旅游产品经营中,大力推进重大旅游项目建设,积极探索“政府引导、企业经营、市场运作”模式;实现自贡盐文化特色旅游产品与保护自贡独有文化遗产的结合,使盐都特色旅游产品焕发新的生命。     

藤县六够金矿地质特征及成因探讨

六够金矿床位于广西山字形构造东翼外侧桂东褶皱带的西部,矿体主要赋存在褶皱轴部的断裂中,受断裂带控制,属于热液型金矿。文章对矿床特征及矿床成因进行了探讨。     

以船舶工业为特色的数字资源库建设探讨

阐述了我校图书馆在学校办学过程中形成的以船舶工业为特色的独特的馆藏资源,通过对学校在教学科研所获得的成果进行收集、整理,探讨在此基础上建立数字资源库及必须注意的问题。