What makes a motorsports event enjoyable? The case of Macau Grand Prix

This article aims to identify the key product attributes that make a motorsport event enjoyable. Using data collected in the 2010 Macau Grand Prix, a factor analysis was conducted on 15 variables that spectators were asked of their level of agreement to how these elements constitute an enjoyable event. The analysis returned four major variables of a product that spectators believe will make an enjoyable motorsport event, specifically, event amenities, event aesthetics, event ambience, and event tickets. This study contributes to the understanding of event product attributes.     

行业板块股价对重大污染事件的应急反应分析

金融市场有效性争议至今没有定论,中国股票市场有效性判断仍有争议。本文从突发性重大污染事件冲击角度,通过行业板块受突发事件冲击后股票价格在H股与A股两个市场应急反应的对比分析,考察我国股票市场的有效性状况,发现H股表现出的反应不足甚于A股,表明我国股票市场已存在短期动量效应,能在一定程度上对当前公开信息作出反应;但这种反应是不足和滞后的,还未达到半强式有效。可见,我国股票市场处于发育初期,公司治理结构政府主导和环境管制不力等综合因素导致了行业板块股价的特殊走势。     

我国体育用品企业的SWOT分析及品牌建设研究

文章运用SWOT分析方法对我国体育用品企业发展的优势（strength）和劣势（weakness）、机会（opportunity）和威胁（threat）进行了全面分析,借助SWOT模型中的不同战略组合提出了我国体育用品企业发展的模式选择。企业管理者要树立现代品牌战略意识、以质取胜的经营理念,优化市场营销,提高品牌认识度。     

突发事件应急管理的国际经验与借鉴

突发事件所具有的突然性、紧迫性、可变性与破坏性等使得政府应急管理直接关乎人民群众生命财产安全以及国家经济社会发展全局。对美国突发事件危机管理的经验考察,以及对我国突发事件应急管理的审视表明,应借鉴美国经验,通过提升突发事件的监测预警、快速反应、全面动员、自救互救、应急指挥等能力,进一步完善我国突发事件应急管理,全方位提高全社会突发事件应急管理与救援水平,从而尽可能减少突发事件的发生,并把突发事件带来的损失降至最低限度。     

突发事件对风险项目投资时机的影响研究

风险投资项目面临着很大的不确定性,包括市场性的和非市场性的,在以往的文献中大多都针对市场性的不确定性进行研究,文章研究了非市场性的不确定性对风险项目投资时机的影响。文章首先通过构造突发事件对风险项目影响的模型,并进行了推理,最后用数值分析的方法对其进行了模拟,结果表明：在同等情况下,突发事件对风险项目收入流影响越大,其投资的时机也就越晚;突发性事件发生的频率越大,其要求的投资时机也是越晚。     

A Hierarchical Model of Perceived Value of Group-Oriented Travel Experiences to Major Events and its Influences on Satisfaction and Future Group-Travel Intentions

This study seeks a deeper understanding of the forms of value that travel consumers derive from a group-travel experience to a major event. We focus on specific group-travel value dimensions of social, hedonic, monetary, functional – major event, functional – event-destination tourism infrastructure, epistemic, and convenience. A sample of 389 consumers is used to substantiate our framework. We also empirically examine this model with satisfaction and future group-travel intentions – with satisfaction found to fully mediate the relationship between the perceived value of the group-travel experience and future group-travel intentions. This framework can serve to advance further theory development in this domain.     

The Impact of Sports Events on Inbound Tourism in New Zealand

Sports events are an instrument of destination marketing for host countries. Over the past 40 years, New Zealand has held sports events such as the Commonwealth Games and the America's Cup and many international tourists have visited New Zealand during these events. While past studies have examined the economic value of such tourism at a generic level, the impact of mega sports events at more specific levels is unknown. Thus, this study examines not only the impact of eight mega sports events upon New Zealand's international tourist arrivals over the 1983–2005 period at the overall level, but also the number of tourist arrivals from participating countries for each event. Results suggest that the 1990 Commonwealth Games, the 2000 America's Cup (yachting) and the 2005 British and Irish Lions Tour (rugby) had a significant impact on tourist arrivals overall and on arrivals from each participating country.     

Historical and geographical context in festival tourism development

Festivals have increasingly become a significant tool for economic development through both tourism and the re-imaging and re-branding of cities and regions as modern cultural centers. To understand the issues and challenges of festival tourism events, it is important to know the historical and geographical context in which they occur. Conceptually, the historical context can be viewed through the degree to which an event has a vernacular indigenous origin or is newly created. The geographical context, on the other hand, reflects the degree to which a festival is defined by the place in which it occurs or is more global in its thematic orientation. A contextual framework for festival tourism that takes these two factors into account results in four types of festival events: Local Heritage Festivals, Local Contemporary Festivals, National Heritage Festivals, and Global Contemporary Festivals. These four festival types face issues related to their local identity, uniqueness, liminality, and authenticity. The contextual framework for festival tourism is applied to the current situation of rapid festival development in China, with recommendations that Chinese event managers need to focus more on historically and geographically meaningful themes developed in partnership with local populations if they want to ensure an event's long-term success.     

贵州省2010-2011年疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析

目的分析贵州省疑似预防接种异常反应（AEFI）的发生特征,评价AEFI监测情况。方法通过全国AEFI监测系统,收集贵州省报告的2010-2011年AEFI个案数据,采用描述性方法进行流行病学分析。结果 2010-2011年全国AEFI监测系统共收到贵州省报告AEFI个案213例,其中≤1岁占58.22%,男女性别比为1.15：1,主要集中在2010年9月份。一般反应占52.11%;异常反应占32.39%,以过敏反应为主。AEFI发生例数较多的疫苗主要是含麻疹成分疫苗（MCV）和百日咳-白喉-破伤风联合疫苗（DTP）,占报告总数的54.93%。全省67个县（市、区）有AEFI数据报告,县覆盖率为71.28%,48h内及时报告率为85.00%,48h内及时调查率为95.00%。结论贵州省AEFI监测的完整性和敏感性有待提高,各市（州）差异较大。AEFI常发生在低龄儿童为监测重点。尽快制订预防接种异常反应补偿办法,按全国统一要求开展AEFI监测,加强监测工作培训和督导,将是推动贵州省AEFI监测工作系统、深入开展的有效措施。     

The Role of Belief in Making a Difference in Enhancing Attachment to a Charity Sport Event

Charity sport events provide charitable organizations with a mechanism to communicate the mission of the charity to a large participant base, while fostering a meaningful event experience for event participants. This research examines the relationship among motives for charity sport event participation, participant belief in making a difference, and attachment to the event. In making this examination, an online questionnaire was administered to participants in the 2007 Lance Armstrong Foundation (LAF) LIVESTRONG Challenge (N = 568). Through structural equation modeling, the results demonstrate that belief in making a difference mediates the relationship between social and charity motives and attachment. Suggestions are made for marketing communication, highlighting belief in making a difference via rituals, symbols, and social media to assist in attracting and retaining participants.