Earnings Quality under Rules‐ versus Principles‐based Accounting Standards: A Test of the Skinner Hypothesis / LA QUALITÉ DES RÉSULTATS SELON QUE LES NORMES COMPTABLES SONT AXÉES SUR LES RÈGLES OU SUR LES PRINCIPES: VÉRIFICATION DE L'HYPOTHÈSE DE SKINNER*

We provide preliminary evidence, consistent with Skinner (1995), that Canada's relatively principles‐based GAAP yield higher accrual quality than the United States' relatively rules‐based GAAP. These results stem from a comparison of the Dechow‐Dichev (2002) measure of accrual quality for cross‐listed Canadian firms reporting under both Canadian and U.S. GAAP. However, we document lower accrual quality for Canadian firms reporting under U.S. GAAP than for U.S. firms, which are subject to stronger U.S. oversight, reporting under U.S. GAAP. The latter results suggest that stronger U.S. oversight compensates for inferior accrual quality associated with rules‐based GAAP. Consistent with the positive effect of Canada's principles‐based GAAP and the offsetting negative effect of Canada's weaker oversight, we find no overall difference in accrual quality between Canadian firms reporting under Canadian GAAP and U.S. firms reporting under U.S. GAAP. Our results imply that (1) policymakers who wish to compare the effectiveness of oversight across jurisdictions must control for the GAAP effect; and (2) accounting standard‐setters who wish to compare the effectiveness of principles‐ versus rules‐based GAAP must control for oversight strength.     

论WTO制度内纳入劳工权利保护的空间

在经济全球化条件下将劳工权利保护纳入WTO制度是一种必然的趋势。文章对WTO的宗旨、相关条款和运行机制等方面进行了分析,认为WTO制度内存在纳入劳工权利保护的空间。将劳工权利保护纳入WTO制度会提高劳工权利保护的权威性、有效性、合理性和公平性,增加了世界经济发展的稳定性和可预见性。     

国际贸易与劳工标准挂钩的模式比较研究

虽然在世界贸易组织框架内是否将国际贸易和劳工标准挂钩争论激烈,但由于该问题的现实性,国际贸易与劳工标准挂钩已出现多种实现模式并存的局面。文章对现有的国际贸易和劳工标准挂钩的主要模式从约束性、经济性和有效性方面进行了比较研究,认为各种模式有其特点和适用范围,模式发展的近期方向将是ILO和WTO的充分合作模式。     

基于激光视盘机产业的主导设计出现过程研究

现有文献关于技术标准发起企业如何将自己的技术标准发展为主导设计这一问题缺乏深入的探索,因此无法对我国境内目前日益增多的标准战提供理论指导。本文通过对激光视盘机产业的纵向案例研究,识别到不同的竞争阶段及相应的关键影响要素,并将二者结合起来建立主导设计形成路径模型。     

基于强互惠理论的会计准则变迁研究

强互惠理论将人类的精神活动因素引入制度变迁研究中,扩展了人们将制度作为外部环境的接受者,制度变迁是自发演化过程或理性设计过程简单＂二分法＂的认识。会计准则作为一种制度安排,能够运用制度的理论框架予以分析。本文在强互惠理论博弈解说的基础上,对1992~2006年中国会计准则变迁过程进行分析。研究结论显示：中国会计准则变迁是自发演化与理性设计的统一,中国会计准则变迁过程中体现出自愿性和强制性双重强互惠特征,而且自愿性强互惠是主要特征,政府型强互惠滞后。     

长期资产减值准备:盈余质量与市场反应

对2001～2006年旧资产减值会计制度实施期间的相关数据进行检验,本文发现长期资产减值准备所产生的应计盈余明显地降低了会计盈余的质量。按长期资产减值准备的应计盈余所构建的逆向套利组合能获得显著的超额报酬率,长期资产减值准备的应计盈余与超额回报负相关,说明市场不能识别长期资产减值准备对会计盈余质量的影响。本文的结论支持新会计准则禁止长期资产减值准备转回的规定。     

Splitting Accountability Hairs: Anomalies in the Adaptation of IFRS for SMEs in the UK and Ireland

Abstract

Recent years have witnessed a significant shift in the financial reporting frameworks available in the UK and Ireland affecting entities of all sizes with the Financial Reporting Council issuing three financial reporting standards replacing the extant UK GAAP. This paper reports the results of a content analysis of 151 comment letters sent to the standard-setter in response to its policy proposal. The paper explains why the standard-setter stepped back from its controversial proposal to enforce IFRS for SMEs based on the absence of public accountability. Additionally, the standard-setter addressed all concerns positively apart from two, representing two anomalies. First, despite being opposed by the majority of the respondents, the standard-setter published a new framework for wholly-owned subsidiaries of listed companies allowing them to make substantially less disclosure. Second, the standard-setter is yet to respond to the call by the accounting profession and the Not-for-profit sector to publish a sector-specific framework.     

透视国际趋同背景下的欧盟等效会计标准认可

欧盟坚持等效的理念并积极推行"等效会计标准"认可,是基于自身利益考虑和会计准则国际趋同的实际情况做出的理性选择.欧盟已经把美国、日本和加拿大三国列作等效会计标准候选国.我国内地与香港会计准则实现等效有利于今后与欧盟、美国等国家和地区开展会计准则等效工作.我国应坚持"趋同是第一步,等效才是目标"的理念,积极推进我国会计准则国际等效,并力争早日成为欧盟的第四个等效标准候选国家.     

公允价值的应用现状及其发展建议

中国新会计准则在诸多方面实现了突破,其中公允价值计量属性的运用可谓是最为引人注目的方面。公允价值计量属性的运用,是我国会计准则在国际趋同中迈出的实质性步伐,也标志着我国市场经济日趋成熟。但我国对公允价值的应用与国际相比还有一定差距,现有规定在实施中也面临一些困难,为进一步推行公允价值计量属性在会计准则中的应用,还应在政策制定、会计监管、评估市场、市场环境的完善和会计人员素质等方面做出一系列的努力。     

新审计准则背景下几个重要概念的重述

新审计风险模型将审计的重心放在了重大错报风险评估,新的评估框架带来了一些重要概念的重构。本文比较分析了新旧审计准则中会计责任、内部控制、审计证据等一些基本概念的表述、内涵的变更,以利于更加系统地理解新审计准则的基本思想。