SHIRKING,STANDARDS AND THE PROBABILITY OF DETECTION

By relaxing the common efficiency wage assumption of exogenous shirking detection probabilities, we demonstrate how standards and efficiency wages are related. In a more general setting where the probability of detection depends upon the equilibrium effort level of non‐shirkers, we show that the uniformly positive (negative) supply‐side relationship between wages (unemployment insurance) and effort is no longer guaranteed. Profit maximization on the part of the firm, however, ensures that effort will depend positively (negatively) on wages (unemployment insurance) in equilibrium.     

我国城乡低保标准现状评估研究

我国城乡低保标准现状如何，为社会各界广泛关注。有人认为目前的城乡低保标准偏高，有人认为目前的城乡低保标准偏低，存在一定争议。对各省份2010年到2012年的城乡低保标准进行量化分析表明，我国城乡最低生活保障标准的替代率呈总体上升趋势，大致在合理区间；但城乡之间、地区之间的差距较大，不平衡问题突出，形势不容乐观。     

终身证券市场禁入的正当性难题及其化解

我国证券监管所采用的终身证券市场禁入，剥夺了行为人参与证券市场的资格或机会，需要接受“正当性”的拷问。基于公共利益理论、利益平衡分析等论证证券市场禁入的正当性，未深入到行为人自身内部寻找正当性根据，均存在一定的局限性。证券市场禁入的正当性基础，应当回归到行为人自身，注重行为人自身“适合”参与证券市场的可期待性。终身证券市场禁入具有鲜明的“惩罚性”，面临着责任追究无边界等正当性难题。化解这一难题的路径是去除证券市场禁入的“惩罚性”，允许被禁入对象“救赎”自己，建立终身证券市场禁入的适时退出程序，明确终身证券市场禁入的退出标准，动态跟踪监测被禁入对象个体情况，适时赋予其参与证券市场的“第二次机会”。     

计量体系的建设与应用

计量体系包括标准的建设及以技术为手段的计量管理。标准是衡量质量高低的基本依据,各项标准的实施,又要以相应的计量检测和科学的计量管理为技术手段和管理基础。企业计量体系运行的成功与否,直接关系到产品质量结果的控制。经过陕西省质量技术监督初审和2次复查考核,2008年1月份,建标申请经考核合格后获得了授权,并于2月份,压力类强检仪表也获得了对内强检资质。长庆油田分公司第二采气厂计量体系的建设与运行步入正规化、运行基本实现了专业化。     

Renewable energy and low-carbon policy spillover effects on natural gas demand

Recent legislation intended to increase the use of renewable energy sources and lower the amount of carbon dioxide emissions from energy has changed the structure of energy markets. The effect of these policies on carbon-intensive fuel sources is rather obvious. For natural gas, though, the effect is not immediately clear. This letter uses a structural model of natural gas demand to uncover whether these policies have led to increased demand because natural gas is a relatively clean source of energy that couples well with renewables or if these policies have crowded out natural gas on net.     

New development: The conceptual underpinnings of international public sector accounting

The conceptual underpinnings of accounting standards are potentially very important for the future of public sector accounting internationally. The authors explain why and comment on the implications for public sector accounting.     

International Public Sector Accounting Standards （IPSAS） Implementation in the European Union （EU） Member States

The aim of this paper is to analyze the implementation level of International Public Sector Accounting Standards （IPSAS） in the member states of the European Union （EU）. After an introduction of the legislative framework in the EU and a review of the literature about the implementation of IPSAS in the EU member states, this paper classifies, on the basis of a survey, the states according to their formal implementation levels of IPSAS. It also analyzes the types of accounting （cash basis accounting, modified cash basis accotmting, accrual accounting, and modified accrual basis accounting） used by the states studied. The survey shows that there are important disparities among the member states, both for the application of IPSAS and for the type of accounting that is used. Furthermore, it appears that even if IPSAS is not legally adopted in most European member states, there is a tendency to use modern accounting systems based on accrual accounting close to IPSAS.     

FDI and inequality in Vietnam: An approach with census data

We investigate the effects of inward FDI on income distribution and absolute living standards in Vietnam using census data from 1989 to 2009. We compute the number of employees of foreign establishments in each of Vietnam's provinces for each year, and use that as a measure of local FDI. We estimate the effects of FDI on local households’ living standards as reported in the data, broken down by educational background to allow us to analyze effects on inequality. Estimates based on the repeated cross section indicate that rising FDI in a province is associated with a slight decline in living standards for households there if they do not have a member employed by the foreign enterprises, with only modest gains for households who do have a member employed by the foreign enterprises. These estimates may reflect composition effects, however, since we find large movements of people toward the provinces receiving the FDI. The findings show that measuring the effect of FDI on household welfare is more difficult than measuring the effect of trade policy, and may pose a difficulty for the view of FDI as a general anti-poverty strategy.     

浅析我国会计国际化的现状和发展趋势

随着全球经济一体化的不断发展,各国在资本市场国际化的大环境下,在构建特色经济体制的形势下,开始不断探索和发展会计国际化的方向与进程。探讨我国经济环境下会计国际化的现状及日后发展趋势,有利于完善我国现有的会计制度和会计准则,加快我国经济的发展步伐。     

Disclosure and the cost of equity in international cross-listing

In this paper, we examine the relationship between disclosure level and the cost of equity capital for a sample of international firms cross-listing on the New York Stock Exchange. Increased disclosure has the potential to reduce information asymmetry, reduce the cost of financing and increase analyst following. Using an international asset pricing model, we find that listing firms experience a decrease in both disclosure risk and systematic risk while matching firms do not. Further, we find that the magnitude of the decrease is related to three types of disclosure: accounting standards; analyst following; and exchange/regulatory investor protection. Our results suggest that increased disclosure through accounting standards is beneficial to investors and that disclosure can be accomplished through information intermediaries, e.g., analyst following. For firms with the lowest levels of disclosure prior to cross-listing, all three types of disclosure appear to be valuable.