Perceptions of pre-service teachers on seismic risk and their implications for science education: a comparative study between Spain and Portugal

Abstract

This study investigated the importance given by two groups of pre-service teachers of primary education from Spain and Portugal to seismic risk in a framework of different natural risks, both in personal terms and as future teachers. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Some questions about the seismic phenomenon were also included. The sample groups consisted of 110 students from an institution in Spain and 121 from one in Portugal. Both institutions are in cities affected by the historic Lisbon earthquake of 1755. The results showed that the risk of forest fire was the first choice for classroom study in both cases. The Spanish group was also more focused on the importance of other risks like flood and drought. The Portuguese group showed a greater concern with seismic risk, frequently referring to their own historic earthquake of 1755. A few gaps in knowledge concerning earthquake prediction and comparing seismic risk in different regions of their own countries were also found. In accordance with the results, it is suggested that training courses for primary school teachers should include Disaster Risk Education in Science Education for a better understanding of the impact of various hazards and a greater concern with seismic risk due to its particular features, especially in regions where the seismic pattern is characterized by long seismic cycles with major earthquake episodes.     

加快壮大广东县域经济 全面建设小康社会

本文通过分析广东县域经济发展现状并与其他强省比较,提出了广东县域经济发展对策。其对策应是强县扩权,发展地方特色经济,调整和优化产业结构,大力发展民营经济,稳步推进小城镇建设。     

Advertising and Deep Autonomy

Concerns about advertising take one of two forms. Some people are worried that advertising threatens autonomous choice. Others are worried not about autonomy but about the values spread by advertising as a powerful institution. I suggest that this bifurcation stems from misunderstanding autonomy. When one turns from autonomous choice to autonomy of persons, or what is often glossed as self-rule, then one has reason to think that advertising poses a moral problem of a sort so far unrecognized. I diagnose this problem using Charles Taylor's work on "strong evaluation". This problem turns out to have political ramifications that have been only dimly recognized in business ethics circles.     

On large games with bounded essential coalition sizes

We consider games in characteristic function form where the worth of a group of players depends on the numbers of players of each of a finite number of types in the group. The games have bounded essential coalition sizes: all gains to cooperation can be achieved by coalitions bounded in absolute size (although larger coalitions are permitted they cannot realize larger per-capita gains). We show that the utility function of the corresponding "limit" market, introduced in Wooders (1988, 1994a) , is piecewise linear. The piecewise linearity is used to show that for almost all limiting ratios of percentages of player-types, as the games increase in size (numbers of players), asymptotically the games have cores containing only one payoff, and this payoff is symmetric (treats players of the same type identically). We use this result to show that for almost all limiting ratios of percentages of player-types, Shapley values of sequences of growing games converge to the unique limiting payoff.     

强非局域非线性介质中高斯光束的传输特性

从Helmholtz方程出发，讨论了高斯光束在1＋1维强非局域非线性介质中的传输特性及其光束柬宽随位置的演化，即当介质的响应函数为高斯型时，用理论分析和数值模拟的方法，讨论了响应函数的特征宽度wm对光束传输的影响．     

社会资本与就业行为的实证研究

通过社会资本对就业行为作用和影响的实证研究可得出以下结论：不同的社会资本拥有量对就业资源的获取与利用不同；就业行为受社会资本与人力资本双重作用；社会资本在就业中对性别作用存在差异；就业行为中两个“关系强度”的效用不同。     

试论浙江现代商贸流通强省

改革开放以来,浙江作为市场大省,专业批发市场曾经并将继续在浙江经济体制改革、民间人才培养、民有资本聚集、个私经济发展等方面发挥极其巨大的作用。在当前新的国际、国内经济形势下,有必要针对存在的问题,引导专业市场进行整合、转型与提升,使之与现代商贸流通的业态、方式和组织相对接,努力把浙江由“市场大省”提升为“现代商贸流通强省”。     

Statistical manipulability of social choice functions

We consider the proportion of profiles at which an anonymous neutral social choice function cannot be manipulated to any coalition's advantage. We fix the number of alternatives and consider the limit as the number of individuals goes to infinity, and assume that the limit of the fraction of all profiles in the domain is 1. We show that there is a continuous function on “profile vectors’ which gives the maximum probability of strategy-proofness, and that this is strictly between 0 and 1 for three alternatives. We also analyze a number of common social choice functions along these lines.     

苹果强势品牌构建策略探析

强势品牌对提高顾客心理满足与体验,形成品牌忠诚有重要作用。苹果公司通过开发人性化的时尚创新产品,引领着时尚潮流;通过在产品、性能、UI(操作系统)、渠道等方面的差异化;通过运用恰当的营销手段和策略:采取上市前的创新饥饿式营销策略、病毒式网络营销和体验营销相结合的策略,所有这些有效的构建强势品牌的措施,值得中国企业学习。     

Long Window Tests of China＇s Stock Market Efficiency in Different Sectors around the Disclosure of Annual Report

10 stock sectors are selected in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock market＇s as samples. By event study, the change of stock＇s cumulative abnormal return rate around the data of annual report disclosure was analyzed among the year 2004-2008. The market reaction pattern of such kind of news was summarized in order to test the efficiency of China＇s stock market and its trend before and after the comprehensive completion of the Share-trading Reform and the imple- mentation of new Accounting Standards. The conclusion is that Chinese stock markets response more accurately to ROE and EPS; its efficiency continued to decline in 2005 and 2006, but there was a gradual increase in 2007 and in 2008; and in general the capital market do not reach the semi-strong efficiency, but the machinery industry and biopharmaceutical industry have done.