零基预算的发展以及在我国的适用性

零基预算是一种科学的预算编制方法,是预算制度的创新,在理论体系上已经相当完善。对中国财政体制来说,零基预算能克服传统“基数加增长”的预算编制方式中的不足,不受既成事实的影响,一切都从合理性和可能性出发,是细化预算、提前编制预算的前提。但零基预算在理论上的发展与在实践中的成就并不是同步的,有成功也有失败的例子。本就零基预算在中国是否适用、能否取得预期的效果等问题做了研究探讨。     

土地适宜性评价中的土壤数字化

土壤及相关要素的数字化是基于GIS的土地适宜性评价的主要内容之一,本文通过将GIS、空间插值等技术应用到以县域为单元的土壤质量调查,建立了土地利用现状数据库,调查成果图和八种土地适宜性评价图及属性数据库,从而为土地适宜性评价构筑了土地信息化平台。     

基于土地类型的西峡县农用地适宜性评价

目的 土地类型反映了自然地理特征的同质性。为做好农用地保护工作,贯彻落实党中央、国务院及自然资源部关于“宜耕则耕”“宜园则园”“宜林则林”等要求,有必要开展以土地类型为单元的农用地适宜性评价研究。方法 文章首先,在构建的西峡县土地类型的三级分类框架的基础上,采用自上而下的叠置法与自下而上的合并法划分土地类型。其次,以土地类型的最小单元为评价单元,综合自然条件、社会经济和生态环境因素,分别建立了针对耕地、园地和林地的适宜性评价体系。最后,运用层次分析法和加权求和法相结合的方法评价西峡县各类农用地的适宜性。结果 （1）西峡县的土地类型有3个等级,包括14个土地类、299个土地亚类和570个土地单元。（2）西峡县86%以上的区域为林地适宜区,约47%的区域适宜园地,而只有13%的区域适宜耕地。（3）各类农用地的高度适宜区（S1）主要分布于研究区南部河流谷地地带。各类农用地的勉强适宜区（S3）在空间分布不均匀,且研究区北部的大部分山地区域均不适宜（N）作为耕地。结论 基于土地类型的适宜性评价可以识别潜在适宜作为农业利用的土地,并可为农用地的布局优化提供参考。     

The Scops owl (Otus scops) under human-induced environmental change pressure

Biodiversity is declining across Europe. Modern agricultural practices, habitat fragmentation, land abandonment and climate change are key factors causing current trends in environmental change. Mobile organisms such as raptors, positioned high in the food chain, are good indicators of negative or positive landscape dynamics, since their response is fast. This assumption was tested by investigating the Scops Owl (Otus scops) population in a traditional Central European cultural landscape (Goričko Nature Park [GNP]) in Slovenia. The negative trend in male calling Scops Owls was correlated with static and dynamic environmental change variables derived from remotely sensed or field-based, multi-temporal data sources. Key geospatial predictors were identified and used for bird calling and breeding (C&B) suitability modelling. All geospatial models developed predicted a decline in C&B suitability (even by 33%) in almost all areas where the bird is currently active. However, the NE part of the GNP could achieve better C&B conditions for theScops Owl in the coming years (a potential 36% increase in suitability). Predictions indicate that more effort and action, to conserve the Scops Owl in the study area should be implemented in the N, NE and E part of the hilly GNP. Our results are thus highly applicable not just for decision makers in this protected area but rather in all areas across the Scops Owl’s continental population, since the methodology is easily replicable and transferable.     

基于专家意见集成的层次分析法对镇江新区的生态适宜度评价研究

各类开发区的建设必须对土地的生态适宜度进行评价,但目前缺乏一套完善的评价方法。本文以镇江新区为例,将基于专家意见集成的层次分析法用于土地的生态适宜度评价,为开发区的合理规划提供依据。     

贵州省茶园生态适宜性研究

在土地利用现状以及喀斯特空间分布的基础上 ,通过利用 GIS技术初步划分茶叶种植适宜地和不适宜地; 并选择对茶叶生长相关的地貌、气候及土壤条件中8个评价因子,通过专家打分确定其权重, 应用GIS空间分析模块实现贵州茶园生态适宜性评价。结果表明: 贵州适宜茶叶种植的面积为3.2417 万km2,占国土面积的18.40% ;其中非常适宜茶叶种植的区域面积为1.0618 万km2;主要分布于黔东南、黔北、黔南以及黔中地区 ;适宜茶叶种植的区域面积为1.1554万km2 ,全省均有分布; 比较适宜茶叶种植的区域面积为 1.0245万km2,主要分布于黔北、黔西北、六盘水以及黔西南等区域;不适宜种植茶叶的区域主要分布于贵州喀斯特强烈发育,石漠化严重的地区。     

A GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis approach using AHP for rural settlement site selection and eco-village design in Erzincan,Turkey

In recent years, natural resource depletion, rapid population growth, and increasing urbanization have all reached new heights. All of these ecological problems that exceed the planet's absorbing capacity, have begun to imperil both human life and nature itself. Rural settlement plans aim to optimize the use of natural resources. Agricultural lands are used for non-agricultural purposes as a result of proper placement planning of rural settlements. The suitability of land for a specific purpose is determined via suitability analysis. Therefore, it is extremely important to use technological innovations in the selection of rural settlement areas in addition to considering the technical, economic, and social factors in determining the most suitable locations. With the advancement of computer technology, Geographical Information System (GIS) has become an important tool for more effective use of rural areas. In this study, the most suitable rural settlement area was determined by using GIS in Erzincan Province. Technical, social, cultural, and economic criteria were developed for the selection of the location. Alternative locations were analyzed using the GIS, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and the Analytical Hierarchy Process method based on the criteria and site data. The most suitable areas for rural settlements were chosen as the Merkez, Tercan, Kemaliye, and Kemah districts in Erzincan Province. Çağlayan town in the Merkez district has been determined as the most suitable region for an eco-village and a cost calculation and 3D eco-village design were carried out in Çağlayan.     

旅游小城镇总规层面城镇空间发展方向决策研究——以云南澜沧县惠民镇总体规划为例

本文以指导旅游小城镇总体规划层面的空间发展方向决策及用地选择为研究目标,结合惠民镇总体规划,以镇区为研究范围,从用地适宜性评价、旅游特色引导及空间优化三方面入手,通过实证论证其可行性,以期为旅游小城镇空间发展方向决策提供建议。     

劳动力市场分割背景下全球价值链嵌入对要素报酬的影响机制研究

随着世界经济一体化的深入发展,全球价值链和劳动力市场分割对企业要素报酬会产生深度影响。本文从企业层面出发,通过构建面板固定效应模型研究全球价值链嵌入和劳动力市场分割对要素报酬的影响及其内在机制。结果表明：全球价值链嵌入和劳动市场分割有利于企业劳动报酬提高,但对企业资本报酬有负向影响;全球价值链与劳动市场分割对资本密集型企业劳动报酬正向影响更大,劳动密集型企业资本报酬更易受到全球价值链嵌入的负向影响,且资本密集型企业资本报酬受到劳动市场分割的负向影响更大,同时全球价值链嵌入和劳动市场分割对非国有企业的影响显著大于国有企业;全球价值链嵌入和劳动力市场分割通过提高全要素生产率和资产增长率来改善企业劳动要素报酬并降低企业资本报酬,其作用在资本密集型企业和非国有企业中更加明显。     

基于DPSIR模型的市域土地空间配置优化——以天津市为例

研究目的：探索适合城市地域土地空间配置优化的综合定量研究方法,为相关规划与决策提供参考。研究方法：驱动力—压力—状态—影响—响应（DPSIR）模型, GIS空间分析法,综合适宜性评价与景观健康评价。研究结果：基于DPSIR模型分析天津市域土地利用的主要压力与影响因素,评价其综合适宜性状态,基于此划定经济发展优先、生态保护优先和协调发展三个土地空间配置方案,并对三个方案进行景观健康影响评价,发现以协调发展方案进行城市建设对未来景观生态健康的影响最小,因此建议选择协调方案作为天津市域土地空间配置优化和功能分区的首选方案。研究结论：基于DRSIR模型进行市域土地空间配置优化研究,不仅有助于研究者针对不同城市土地利用特点选择评价内容与指标,而且可定量化评价土地空间配置方案的潜在生态影响,在一定程度上减少土地空间配置优化方案选择中的人为主观因素,为合理利用土地资源提供科学依据。