Revisiting the Concept of a Societal Orientation: Conceptualization and Delineation

Marketers have traditionally evaluated products and practices on the basis of whether something could be sold. It is also important to evaluate products and practices from a societal perspective, “Should a product be sold?” The first idea reflects a managerial orientation and what must be done to sell a product; the second idea reflects a societal orientation and the impact of selling a product. In relation to the second idea, the societal marketing concept was introduced in 1972. There has been little advancement in our understanding of a societal orientation since that time. The current study presents a conceptualization of a societal orientation based on a review of literature and qualitative interviews. The construct was conceptualized as “attention to the long-term well-being of individuals and society at large by enhancing positive impacts from and reducing negative effects associated with production and consumption of a product.” Five domains comprising a societal orientation are proposed: physical consequences, psychological well-being, social relationships, economic contribution, and environmental consciousness.     

The effects of relationship quality on customer retaliation

This research examines the effects of relationship quality (RQ) on customers' desires to retaliate after service failures. We posit that the effects of RQ are contingent upon the attributions customers make about the firm’s controllability over a service failure. Two competing hypotheses are examined and reconciled. The “love is blind” hypothesis posits that when low controllability is inferred, high RQ customers experience a lesser desire for retaliation than low RQ customers. On the other hand, the “love becomes hate” hypothesis specifies that when high controllability is inferred, high RQ customers experience a greater desire for retaliation than low RQ customers. The hypotheses are tested with a survey-based design and a partial least squares (PLS) model that incorporates a multiplicative latent construct.     

农民工市民化难点与新型城镇化战略

刘易斯模型、托达罗模型等宏观经济学理论能够解释中国农民工向城市流动的动力问题,但无法揭示我国农民工市民化的障碍根源问题.城乡之间、区域之间的劳动生产率差距和收入差距,引导农村人口向城市流动,但同时也给农民工市民化造成障碍,国民经济中劳动收入占比的不断下降不利于农民工获取市民化的个人成本.因此在以市民化为核心的新型城镇化进程中,要把握城市群战略、产业转型战略、土地流转管理机制等关键规划的实施,促进和推动农民工顺利市民化.     

The influence of formal and informal sales controls on customer-directed selling behaviors and sales unit effectiveness

Adaptive selling (AS) and customer-oriented selling (COS) constitute two key customer-directed selling behaviors for the success of the modern sales force. However, knowledge regarding the organizational factors that can induce salespeople to engage in those behaviors is strikingly limited. Against this background, we develop a comprehensive model that delineates the influences of formal and informal sales controls on AS and COS and, through them, on sales unit effectiveness. Based on a sample of sales managers in a major European Union country, we present new evidence that (a) formal and informal sales controls exert differential impact on salespeople's AS and COS behaviors; (b) AS directly and positively influences sales unit effectiveness; (c) COS affects sales unit effectiveness only indirectly, i.e. by fostering AS; and (d) outcome and cultural controls directly improve sales unit effectiveness. We conclude with a discussion of our findings for academics and practitioners.     

长沙城郊休闲农业旅游老年旅游行为研究

本文将休闲农业旅游和老年旅游行为相结合，采用问卷调查与座谈访问法，对长沙城郊休闲农业旅游中老年消费行为进行研究，提出农村生活怀旧游、疗养健体游、家庭和谐游、农耕特色文化游、乡村特产购物游等对策措施，以进一步扩大休闲农业旅游老年旅游市场。     

Employee satisfaction with schedule flexibility: Psychological antecedents and consequences within the workplace

Although balancing work-related and non-work-related time demands is an ongoing concern for many hotel workers, there is a dearth of research examining workers’ satisfaction with their work schedule flexibility. Using a sample drawn from nine different hotel properties in South Korea, this study finds that workers’ levels of emotional intelligence and overall job satisfaction serve as antecedents of their schedule flexibility satisfaction. Moreover, the study also finds that decreased turnover intent is a consequence of schedule flexibility satisfaction. Based upon these findings, both managerial and research implications are presented.     

Organisational justice and customer citizenship behaviour of retail industries

Previous research has concerned itself more with customers' purchasing behaviours but not non-purchasing behaviour. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the organisational justice (OJ) and customer citizenship behaviour (CCB), including the mediating role of organisational trust. A survey was conducted on a sample of 447 fast-food restaurant customers in Taiwan in order to test the proposed model. The findings showed that the customers who have higher perceptions of justice have higher levels of trust and CCB. Positive relationship was found between trust and CCB. In addition, trust has a partially significant mediating effect between OJ and CCB. The findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical implications, and also provide some suggestions for managerial practice and further research.     

国际长期资本流动对发展中经济体的冲击

本文描述了国际长期资本流动的特征,分析了它对发展中经济体的冲击行为,概括了国际长期资本流动对发展中经济体的三类冲击。上述三类冲击分别为流向不合理对短期资本市场的冲击、流速不合理对产业资本形成的冲击、流量不合理对产业资本效益的冲击。     

Beyond a Livable and Green Neighborhood: Asserting Control,Sovereignty and Transgression in the Casc Antic of Barcelona

During the past 15 years, the Casc Antic, a traditionally low‐income and immigrant neighborhood in Barcelona, has been the site of community‐based mobilization to revitalize abandoned areas and improve local environmental conditions. The organization of residents and their supporters is situated within a broader context of urban political and socioeconomic change — the transformation of the urban economy into a decentralized, global and technology‐ and service‐focused system, accompanied by rising socioeconomic inequality and displacement in inner‐city areas. To date, few studies in the urban environmental arena have been placed within processes of urban change and offer specificity on the purposes, intents and goals that poor and minority residents develop as they understand, resist and challenge their marginality. Why do residents of marginalized neighborhoods and their supporters organize to proactively improve livability and environmental quality? To what extent do the environmental struggles of marginalized communities serve as means to advance more complex political agendas in the city? Through the examination of neighborhood organization for livability in the Casc Antic, I analyze how activists use their environmental endeavors as tools to address stigmas attached to their place, control the land and its boundaries, and build a more transgressive form of democracy.