贯彻实施"一主两翼"运输战略深入开展华东二通道安全优质高效文明达标线创建活动

分析开展华东二通道安全优质高效文明达标线创建的意义,结合二通道设备、管理等方面存在的问题,探讨如何推进华东二通道创建工作.     

政府绩效审计供需均衡分析——基于公共产品供需均衡视角

政府绩效审计是一种公共产品,公共产品供需均衡理论影响着绩效审计供给和需求的性质、数量以及均衡过程。实现政府绩效审计供需均衡要依据公共产品供需理论,结合我国政府绩效审计供需状况和存在的具体问题,刺激需求,促进供给,实现二者互动;以动态与变化的眼光分析和考察决定互动的诸多因素,进而构建合理有效的均衡实现机制。     

公众效用约束视角下强化国家审计的治理逻辑及其制度供给

社会公众参与国家治理日益成为国家治理体系的重要组成部分。在政治经济学框架下将社会公众参与国家治理的过程与功能提炼为公众效用约束,并通过构建一个简洁的地方政府公共支出结构选择模型阐明公众效用约束机制。结合公众效用软约束下中国地方发展型政府行为的经济影响以及直接构建公众效用约束机制面临的问题,从理论上解释了中央政府强化国家审计的治理逻辑。中国特色社会主义国家审计制度供给可以从审计方法流程、审计业务体系、审计结果运用等方面进行完善,全面评估效用结果、深度契合效用目标与有效实施问责约束,实现公众效用约束机制的间接构造,成为公共权力治理的“内部—经常性激励约束机制”,从而可以更好地适应当前发展阶段和体制背景下国家治理的需要。     

Childcare Assistance: Are Subsidies or Tax Credits Better?

We evaluate price subsidies and tax credits for childcare. We focus on partnered women's labour supply, household income and welfare, demand for childcare and government expenditure. Using Australian data, we estimate a joint, discrete structural model of labour supply and childcare demand. We introduce two methodological innovations – a more flexible quantity constraint that total formal and informal childcare hours are at least as large as the mother's labour supply and the explicit inclusion of maternal childcare in the utility function as a proxy for child development. We find that tax credits are more effective than subsidies in terms of increasing average hours worked and household income. However, tax credits disproportionately benefit wealthier and more educated women. Price subsidies, while less efficient, have positive redistributional effects.     

The environmental benefits of changing logistics structures for fresh vegetables

The transport phase is one of the crucial stages that can be improved to reduce the environmental impact of the fresh fruit and vegetable supply chain. In this paper, we calculate the environmental impact of feasible logistic alternatives for the above-mentioned supply chain so as to identify the type of transportation that incurs the lowest environmental costs. Specifically, we consider the early potato supply chain as a case study, as it involves one of the main fresh vegetables exported from Italy. Consumers' willingness to pay for the environmental impact of different logistic chains was obtained through life cycle assessment. Our results show that rail transport could reduce environmental impact in terms of tons of oil equivalent, environmental loads, and fuel consumption while ensuring reasonable shipment times. Development of an efficient rail transport system would be positively considered by consumers, enhancing their preferences for Italian products.     

随机需求下横向并购供应链网络整合优化策略研究

本文从系统优化视角,针对增设集散中心的横向并购供应链网络整合策略,利用变分不等式建立了随机需求下的整合优化模型。以市场链为主线,以供应链网络均衡理论为基 础,构建了以横向并购供应链网络活动总成本最小为目标的数学模型,通过转换成变分不等式采用改进的欧拉算法进行模型求解。通过数值算例进一步说明了模型的适用性和灵活性,得出了增设集散中心的并购整合策略能够降低供应链网络的平均运营成本的结论,通过对比不同市场紧密程度下产生的供应链网络平均成本协同效应,发现随着市场紧密程度的增加其协同效应更明显,为横向并购供应链网络整合优化提供理论依据与方法。     

Active ageing beyond the labour market: evidence on the role of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards at work

‘Active Ageing’ strategies aim to foster the participation of seniors in the society. Although economic literature has extensively studied the incentives for seniors to increase their labour supply, little is known about the motivations for older people to complement labour with other forms of social participation. This article provides empirical evidence of the role of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards received at work in the supply of formal and informal productive activities of 50- to 65-year-old workers. The results show that workers with higher levels of intrinsic rewards received at work, such as skill development opportunities and decision latitude, are more likely to participate in social activities outside the labour market. Extrinsic rewards on the other hand, like advancement perspectives, job security and pay, appear independent from both formal and informal social participation.     

Understanding Changes in the Distribution and Redistribution of Income: A Unifying Decomposition Framework

In recent decades income inequality has increased in many developed countries but the role of tax and transfer reforms is often poorly understood. We propose a new method allowing for the decomposition of historical changes in income distribution and redistribution measures into: (i) the immediate effect of tax‐transfer policy reforms in the absence of behavioral responses; (ii) the effect of labor supply responses induced by these reforms; and (iii) a third component allowing us to explore the effect of changes in the distribution of a wide range of determinants, including the effect of employment changes not induced by policy reforms. The application of the decomposition to Australia reveals that the direct effect of tax‐transfer policy reforms accounts for half of the observed increase in income inequality between 1999 and 2008, while the increased dispersion of wages and capital incomes also played an important role.     

基于养殖档案的畜产品供应链质量控制信号博弈分析

针对畜产品供应链质量信息不对称的特点,在提出并论证养殖档案的畜禽质量信号传递功能的基础上,通过构建信号博弈模型,分析了畜产品供应链中畜禽养殖场户与屠宰加工企业质量控制的信号博弈均衡条件及其演变过程。研究结果表明:畜禽养殖场户的虚假养殖档案伪造成本和屠宰加工企业的质量检验成本是决定信号博弈均衡状态及其演变方向的两个关键因素;降低检验成本、增加惩罚额度、加大市场监管力度、提高外部损失额度和增加虚假养殖档案伪造成本,可推进信号博弈均衡状态向有利于畜产品质量改善的方向演变。