浅谈高性能沥青路面

文章主要介绍美国SHRP计划中高性能沥青路面(Superpave)的研究方法和Superpave在实际应用中的技术问题。     

三维激光扫描仪在地形测量中的应用

文章从三维激光扫描仪在测量中的作用入手,详细介绍了三维激光扫描仪的工作原理和三维激光扫描系统,并说明了三维激光扫描仪配套三维数据处理软件的功能,着重介绍了三维数据的处理方法:点云的连接、特征线的提取、对地物的三维建模(TIN建模),在TIN建模中,介绍了狄洛尼三角网的构网方法。     

The Measurement and Structural Modeling of the Reasonableness of Workplace Accommodations

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) guarantees protection from discrimination for persons with a disability. The ADA requires employers to make reasonable accommodations for persons with physical and mental disabilities unless doing so would produce undue hardship on the organization. Fifteen years after the passage of the ADA, the question as to what is a reasonable accommodation remains controversial, especially for some types of disabilities. In this study, a reasonable accommodation scale is proposed and tested using structural equation modeling in hopes that such a scale will aid the courts and organizations in determining what is reasonable. Individuals’ level of awareness of disability issues is also examined in the model to examine the relationship between awareness and willingness to accommodate. Results indicate acceptable fit of the model to the data and provide support for the proposed scale. Furthermore, the relationship between awareness of disability issues and willingness to accommodate was significant. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

基于ISM模型的国际航空物流中心发展影响因素分析

国际航空物流中心日益成为区域经济发展、国家对外开放和国际贸易往来的强劲动力和重要功能承载区。对国内外国际航空物流中心发展现状和成功经验进行分析和总结,结合相关文献和专家咨询,对国际航空物流中心发展的影响因素和指标体系进行了归纳,并运用ISM解释结构模型最终得到了这些影响因素指标的层级结构。自下而上分别为深层影响因素层、产业支撑和基础配套体系层、软硬件基础设施层、业务服务层、运营成本控制层和空中通道建设层。下一层级的因素对上一层级的因素有影响和驱动作用。通过因素分析,理清了国际航空物流中心发展的关键因素和因素间的关联关系,为更好推动国际航空物流中心的发展提供理论指导。     

基于运行规划的能源综合服务系统能效管理研究

以浙江电网企业转型现代能源综合服务的具体战略与发展规划为研究背景,针对能源综合服务系统的运行规划目标,开展基于运行规划的能源综合服务系统能效管理研究。从系统工程的视角出发,以能源流为纽带,基于多尺度能源系统建模方法,构建了能源综合服务系统模型,并结合系统综合能效,采用粒子群优化算法来优化系统各设备单元的运行策略,以实现基于运行规划的最优能效管理。通过能源综合服务系统模型计算表明,大规模清洁能源和可再生能源的接入,可以明显提高系统综合能效;随着区域用户总冷量和/或总热量需求占总电力需求的比值增大,系统最优综合能效逐渐增大;与使用内燃机、燃气轮机及汽轮机为原动机的热电联产系统相比,使用燃料电池为原动机的热电联产系统可以使能源综合服务系统综合能效更优。     

A cellular automata-based land-use model as an integrated spatial decision support system for urban planning in developing cities: The case of the Bogotá region

Bogotá and the 17 neighboring municipalities make up one of the biggest metropolitan areas in Latin America. However, despite strong functional interactions within the area, there is no official government body at this level in charge of coordinating authorities and providing solutions to the wide variety of issues arising in the regional urban land system. Aiming at providing an insight on future land-use developments linked to new transport infrastructures and at offering a tool to support territorial decision-making, this paper presents a cellular automata-based (CA) model based in Metronamica® software, that allows testing different scenarios based on potential land-use policies, environmental suitability and transport alternatives.There has not been, so far, an urban planning tool that accounts for the complexities of this region. CA-based land-use simulations constitute a useful approach to understanding the impacts of urban planning policies and regulations. This tool can help to improve inter-territorial and inter-institutional coordination, which through planning and management policies seek a spatially integrated development, with a long-term perspective.The CA-based model proposed was calibrated to reproduce land-use changes between 2007 and 2016 using different methods and indicators. The model was used to simulate and analyze eight scenarios with different policy directions of transport infrastructure in the future of the region. The results of the simulations reflect the dynamics of territorial occupation. The calibration indices in the experiment indicate a high degree of suitability for the CA Bogotá model, proving its effectiveness and potential as a useful tool for decision-making. The results show that occupation scenarios with restricted developable zones within the city, tend to have the greater dispersion rate in the study area, compared to scenarios where land development plans are promoted in Bogotá, which representing a more compact development.     

浅谈改性乳化沥青同步碎石封层施工

预防性养护是科学养护的具体表现,对保护公路起到事半功倍的作用。文中主要对改性乳化沥青同步碎石封层的特点、施工要点进行了简单的介绍,以期为同类工程提供参考。     

Preventing HIV in injection drug users: exploring the tradeoffs between interventions

Injection drug users (IDUs) transmit the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) via both needle sharing and sex. Available interventions for this population have varying costs and effectiveness and focus on different risk behaviors. In this analysis, we look at two interventions. One is inexpensive, broad-based and provides modest risk reductions (street outreach (SO)); the other is narrowly focused, expensive and relatively effective (methadone maintenance). This analysis explores the effects of population risk behavior, intervention effectiveness, intervention costs, and decision constraints when allocating funds between these two interventions to maximize effectiveness. We develop a model of the spread of HIV, dividing IDUs into susceptibles (uninfected) and infectives, and separately portraying sex and injection risk. We simulate the epidemic in New York City for time periods from the mid-1980s to the early 1990s, and incorporate the behavioral effects of two interventions performed singly or in combination to find the allocation that maximizes the number of infections averted in the IDUs and their noninjecting sex partners, assuming interventions have increasing marginal costs. We find that the optimal allocation nearly always involves spending the maximum allowable amount on SO. This result is largely insensitive to variations in risk parameters, intervention efficacy, or cost. The model's structure, however, makes clear that many factors contribute to this insensitivity, namely the scope of the interventions, the dual drug/sex nature of HIV risk in the population, the asymmetry of sexual risk for men and women, and the potential benefits to nonIDUs.     

浅谈公路工程项目施工网络图的优化

文章针对传统的公路施工网络图优化中存在的问题和不足,运用启发式搜索算法和遗传算法,对公路施工网络优化从时间、费用、资源三方面进行网络计划的优化和调整。