芬兰科技创新之路及对我国西部大开发的启示

在全球信息科技革命浪潮中,芬兰通过重视发展教育和对科技人才的培养、加大研发投入对科技自主创新的支持,迅速地从上世纪初落后的农业国而快速发展成为1960年代经济、科技高度发达的高福利制国家,同时在2003年之后又超过美国成为世界最具竞争力的经济体,被誉为"芬兰奇迹".当前,我国西部地区与芬兰经济腾飞前有许多相似之处.文章主要分析了芬兰走科技创新之路的前提,阐述了其高科技发展战略及相应举措,重点探讨了主要科技创新领域的发展现状,最后,结合我国当前的西部大开发提出了一些启示.     

生态工业园的协调发展度评价研究——以大连经济技术开发区生态工业园区为例

生态工业园是为响应我国可持续发展要求而建立、基于循环经济理论和产业生态学原理的一种新型工业园区。本研究通过构建生态工业园经济、资源、环境与社会复合系统的评价指标体系,采用经济社会发展与资源环境协调发展度评价模型,并根据协调发展度等级标准,分析评价了大连经济技术开发区生态工业园区2001—2010年经济社会与资源环境协调发展度。     

我国中心城市土地可持续利用的战略选择

在中央提出科学发展观与构建和谐社会的新形势下,我国各类中心城市在土地开发中应当坚持可持续发展原则,进行有序、合理地开发,实现城市人口、资源、环境各要素的协调发展。本文回顾了城市土地可持续利用的相关理论,指出了城市可持续发展与土地可持续利用的关系,重点研究了当前我国中心城市土地可持续利用的战略选择。     

Environmental Analysis of Packaging for Soft Drinks Using the Life Cycle Assessment Methodology

The knowledge of a product＇s life cycle is the first step on the search of sustainable development. The life cycle assessment （LCA） is an important method because it allows an environment accounting, where the extraction of natural resources and energy of the nature are considered and the ＂returns＂ to the same one and allows in evaluating relative potential the environment impacts generated. The present work had as objective to make an analysis of material and energy flows of the life cycle of three types of packaging for soft drinks： glass bottles of 390 mL, aluminum cans of 350 mL, and bottles of PET of 2,000 mL. The study considered processes since the extraction of raw materials for production of the packaging until the stages of recycling, after the consumption of the soft drink. For the research, an inventory analysis followed the LCA methodology. The main critical points of generation of negative environmental impact during the life cycle of each packaging had been the identified and quantified data in this study. The consumption of natural resources like water and other raw materials and energy, the generation of atmospheric emissions, solid wastes and wastewaters had been the analyzed categories. The results showed that, in accordance with the scenes and defined variables, the most important conclusion was that the bottle of glass presented a less favorable scene to the environment in comparison with other packaging.     

New development: Fiscal reform in South Korea: looking back and moving forward

ABSTRACT

At first glance, it seems that South Korea’s three fiscal systems (mid-term expenditure framework, top-down budgeting, and performance management) function well. However, each fiscal system operates separately and they are inefficient because they follow past practices. This article explains what the problems are and how to overcome them.     

Twenty-year review of South African fiscal policy: A tale of two sustainabilities

In 2014 democracy in South Africa was 20 years old. The democratic government in 1994 inherited both a high and increasing public debt/gross domestic product ratio and significant development backlogs. The government had to establish fiscal sustainability, yet also pursue development in a sustainable way. This article explores the government's performance in reconciling fiscal sustainability with sustainable development. The article shows that fiscal policy has been sustainable over the 20 years, with some risks appearing towards the end, and that the government pursued sustainable development through reallocating resources within the budget and by spending more in real terms. Three phases can be identified: 1994–2000, 2001–08 and 2009–13. However, poor service delivery and low levels of government investment during the 20 years threaten to undermine economic growth. Lower growth consequently threatens the sustainability of both fiscal policy and development, which, in turn, again undermines growth prospects. Hence, the article also identifies key future challenges.     

低碳城镇化对就业的促进作用及保障体系构建

增强人的生存和发展能力,促进人的全面发展是以人为核心的中国新型城镇化建设的终极目标,实现这个目标的前提就是要保障和实现充分就业。低碳城镇化是新型城镇化的重要内容和必由之路,低碳城镇化对就业的保障应该更具公平性并且按照就近原则来推进。文章认为,在低碳城镇化建设过程中,要促进就业增长和提升就业质量,必须优化产业布局、产业结构与发展模式,扩大就业空间;建立健全劳动力教育培训制度,培养适应低碳产业发展需求的劳动者,提高劳动者就业竞争力;推进城乡劳动力市场一体化建设,提高人力资源利用效率,增强社会就业公平性。     

我国小额贷款公司可持续发展的探讨

小额贷款公司的出现和发展,避免了金融机构小额信贷业务的诸多弊端。为确保其可持续发展,仍需明确小额贷款公司的宗旨与定位,要满足农民具有个性化、区域化的融资需求,扩大和加强基层信贷员队伍建设,切实提高农民的还款率、实现公司的盈利,从而更好地为低收入农民提供金融服务,在条件成熟时允许盈利的小额贷款公司吸纳存款。     

智能化住宅是建筑行业可持续发展的方向

文章论述了在知识经济时代，集高新技术为一体的智能化住宅建筑将成为可持续发展的人居环境的主流和趋势。     

复杂视域中的适应性效率与后危机时代的经济发展

全球金融危机凸显出经济的复杂性本质,人们终于认识到"适应性效率"而非"资源配置效率"才是长期经济增长的关键。基于复杂性思想,本文系统梳理了诺思适应性效率理论并弥补了其不足,并据此对后危机时代的经济发展提出了对策。