Income inequality and economic growth

Despite the extensive existing literature on income inequality and economic growth, there remains considerable disagreement on the effect of inequality on economic growth. Existing literatures find either a positive or a negative relationship. In this paper, we attempt to theoretically examine that relationship with a stochastic optimal growth model. We make the disagreement clear within a single model. We conclude (i) that both are possible – that is, higher inequality can retard growth in the early stage of economic development, and can encourage growth in a near steady state, (ii) that income redistribution by high income tax does not always reduce income inequality. Income inequality can be reduced by higher income tax in a near steady state, but it cannot be reduced in the early stage of economic development, and (iii) that two government polices – rapid economic growth and low income inequality – can be achieved by low income tax in the early stage of economic development, but both cannot be achieved simultaneously in a near steady state.     

中国绿色产业发展演进特征及数字普惠金融支持分析

为探究中国绿色产业发展现状、空间差异、分布动态演进及数字普惠金融支持效应,论文基于变异系数—层次分析法测度绿色产业发展水平,通过空间Moran’s I指数、Dagum基尼系数及Kernel密度估计分析其空间差异及分布动态,继而利用空间杜宾模型分析数字普惠金融对绿色产业发展的影响。结果表明,绿色产业发展水平正在快速提升,但存在明显空间差异及"俱乐部"发展特征,东、中、西部地区呈梯度递减演进趋势,且整体及东、西部地区具有明显多级分化现象;数字普惠金融能促进整体及东、中部地区绿色产业发展,对西部地区则有抑制作用。对此,应充分重视绿色产业发展的空间差异、分布特征及数字普惠金融异质性支撑作用,强化省份间的区域协调发展效应,实现绿色产业高质量发展。     

Convergences with Schumpeter: An essay Hirschman has yet to write

The paper explores the contributions of Joseph Schumpeter and Albert Hirschman to our understanding of the dynamics of modern democratic capitalist economies and suggests that much of their respective work displays intellectual overlap and complementarity. It is primarily focused upon the role of economic and political processes as forces of change and adjustment and the necessary degree of built-in inertia required to permit orderly rather than chaotic responses.     

基于演化范式的技术创新动力机制研究

演化范式的兴起和发展为重新审视技术创新动力机制问题提供了有益视角,应用其倡导的生物学隐喻研究方法,技术可以被理解为以技术知识作为基因型的表型。技术创新的动力一方面来源于技术知识的变化即新技术知识的生产。另一方面来自环境的激活作用,以此为主线可以构建一种有效的技术创新演化动力机制理论。     

构建西部大开发的动力系统

世界各国开发欠发达地区的经验证明，成功的开发首先必须形成推动开发的动力支撑体系。我国西部大开发是一项周期长、地域广、投资大的世纪工程，要使开发迅速启动并取得预期的成效，必须借鉴国外经验，从西部建设与发展的实际出发，构建起包括精神动力、投资动力、科技动力和改革动力在内的全面、有效的动力系统。     

生态文明建设下风、光发电生态效益模拟与评估——以甘肃省为例

在我国生态文明建设日益受到重视的背景下,文章对风、光发电的生态影响进行了整体、全面的研究。首先,构建了分析风电和光伏发电对生态系统影响的系统动力学(system dynamics,SD)模型,并提出一种改进的耦合协调度模型;然后,以甘肃省为例进行SD情景模拟;最后,评估了多政策情景下甘肃省生态系统耦合协调度。结果表明,风电技改增效和光伏发电技改增效更有利于整个生态系统的发展。通过理论分析论证了甘肃省现行风、光发电政策的科学性,并为进一步发展风、光发电从而促进生态文明建设提出建议。     

Global slack and domestic inflation rates: A structural investigation for G-7 countries

Recent papers have argued that one implication of globalization is that domestic inflation rates may have now become more a function of “global”, rather than domestic, economic conditions, as postulated by closed-economy Phillips curves.This paper aims to assess the empirical importance of global output in determining domestic inflation rates by estimating a structural model for a sample of G-7 economies. The model can capture the potential effects of global output fluctuations on both the aggregate supply and the aggregate demand relations in the economy and it is estimated using full-information Bayesian methods.The empirical results reveal a significant effect of global output on aggregate demand in most countries. Through this channel, global economic conditions can indirectly affect inflation. The results, instead, do not seem to provide evidence in favor of altering domestic Phillips curves to include global slack as an additional driving variable for inflation.     

Money as Social Exergy

Synopsis It has been proposed that open thermodynamic systems will act to dissipate available energy gradients by self-organizing into coherent structures that, with time, evolve and develop into nested hierarchies – panarchies – that adapt to internal and external changes according to a characteristic adaptive cycle. This paper seeks to apply these ideas in the purely societal realm by investigating the role of money in economic systems. Money represents the value embodied in goods; a value that is separate from the exact nature of those goods. We suggest that money thereby liberates the ‘free value’ of economic desire and that this free value has properties analogous to energy. The result is the self-organization of structures and systems (‘econosystems’) that dissipate this ‘free value’. Econosystems act at different scales, and nested levels of econosystems form a panarchy, having effects that can be observed. In particular, it appears that money facilitates the creation of relationships between econosystem actors, increasing the connectedness of the econosystems that envelop those actors. We have identified a phenomenon whereby freed social value (i.e. money) can aggregate, or pool, at a larger econosystem scale in structures such as banks. These pools act as gradients that actors at the neighborhood scale can exploit for self-organization in the econosystem. Thus, econosystem actors appear to be freed from thermodynamic constraints by using money as a means of self-organization. However, because of these pools of aggregated social exergy, connectedness is increased at the larger scale of the econosystem. The potential consequence of this dynamic is that money may act to push larger scale econosystems toward a state of heightened vulnerability to collapse, while freeing smaller scale actors from apparent constraints. In this way, we propose that money acts to skew information feedback loops between econosystem actors and larger scale structures such as economies and ecosystems.      

A resilience-based framework for evaluating adaptive co-management: Linking ecology, economics and society in a complex world

Adaptive co-management brings together collaborative and adaptive approaches in pursuit of sustainable resource use and social-ecological resilience. Enthusiasm for this management approach, however, is countered by recent critiques regarding outcomes. A lack of evidence from consistent evaluation of adaptive co-management further exacerbates this situation. This paper revisits the issue of evaluation in natural resource management and recasts it in light of complex adaptive systems thinking. An evaluative framework for adaptive co-management is developed which directs attention toward three broad components: ecosystem conditions, livelihood outcomes and process and institutional conditions. Scale-specific parameters are offered for each component to facilitate systematic learning from experience and encourage cross-site comparisons. Conclusions highlight the importance of systematically incorporating evaluation into the adaptive co-management process and recognize the challenge for resource agencies and researchers to shift from a conventional to a complex adaptive system perspective.     

管理信息系统教学方法改革探讨

《管理信息系统》是一门集管理科学与信息技术等多学科知识为一体的课程,作为教师如何不断优化教学内容已成为一个重要的研究课题,以管理类专业为例,从管理信息系统课程的教学目标、相关知识体系构建、教材建设、实行案例教学、实施项目驱动式教学的方法和过程方面探讨和分析了管理信息系统课程教学改革的方法。