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81.
“费改税”并不是简单地变费为税,而是“税费归位”改革工作在当前的表现形式和具体要求,事实上,公共商品的收费如果运用得当,可以成为地方财政一项良好的筹资模式,更是发展中国家缓解财政困境的有效措施,该分析了公共商品收费的理论依据和经济效应,提出公共商品收费应遵循的原则,并借鉴国际经验提出当前“税费归位”工作的重点。 相似文献
82.
生态税与低碳经济发展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
低碳经济是生态文明建设的客观要求,也是实现人与自然和谐的必然选择。文章从当前生态环境面临市场和政府干预失灵难题的基础上,分析了发展生态税对发展低碳经济的意义,进而提出建立和完善生态税促进低碳经济发展的政策建议。 相似文献
83.
In recent decades income inequality has increased in many developed countries but the role of tax and transfer reforms is often poorly understood. We propose a new method allowing for the decomposition of historical changes in income distribution and redistribution measures into: (i) the immediate effect of tax‐transfer policy reforms in the absence of behavioral responses; (ii) the effect of labor supply responses induced by these reforms; and (iii) a third component allowing us to explore the effect of changes in the distribution of a wide range of determinants, including the effect of employment changes not induced by policy reforms. The application of the decomposition to Australia reveals that the direct effect of tax‐transfer policy reforms accounts for half of the observed increase in income inequality between 1999 and 2008, while the increased dispersion of wages and capital incomes also played an important role. 相似文献
84.
Richard D. Horan James S. Shortle David G. Abler 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2002,21(2):189-202
We consider the design of ambient taxes forrisk-neutral and risk-averse polluters whenpolluters and the regulatory agency haveasymmetric information about environmentalrelationships and probabilities associatedwith random events. Unlike prior work, we showthat under these conditions, optimal ambienttaxes must be firm-specific, and accompaniedby additional incentives to influencepolluters' choices of abatement techniques. 相似文献
85.
This paper constructs a model with four groups of households who have preferences over labor supply, consumption of polluting (energy related) and non-polluting (non-energy) goods, and emissions. It quantifies the model for the French economy and computes its optimal tax equilibria under nine second-best tax regimes. We find that the redistributive role of environmental taxes requires the polluting goods to be taxed at a rate much below their marginal social damage. These goods may even require an outright subsidy if the society values equality ‘a lot’. Secondly, if environmental taxes that have an exclusively externality-correcting role, they benefit all types—although the gains are rather modest. The gains and losses become more substantial when environmental taxes have a redistributive role as well. Third, setting the environmental tax at its Pigouvian level, rather than its optimal externality-correcting-cum-redistributive level, benefits the high-income group at the expense of the low-income groups. Fourth, nonlinear taxation of polluting goods, and nonlinear commodity taxation in general, is a powerful redistributive mechanism. Fifth, introducing environmental taxes in the current French tax system, with its suboptimal income taxes, results in substantial welfare gains for the highest income group and a sizable loss for the least well-off persons. 相似文献
86.
在美国,土地价值捕获（value capture）是指将土地的自然增值全部或部分回收归于社会的过程。本文对美国“土地价值捕获”的原理与实现方式进行了分析,总结特点,提出了针对我国土地增值收益分配的借鉴意义。 相似文献
87.
张华 《中国国土资源经济》2007,20(11):27-28
文章根据国内外学者的矿产资源税费理论观点以及目前我国矿产资源税费征收在实践操作过程中存在的问题,提出矿产资源补偿费在征收上应体现级差地租;矿产资源税费的制定要符合国家政策,并随着国家政策和经济形势的变化而调整;同时,对不同矿种的矿产资源补偿费费率的制定提出了建议。 相似文献
88.
加强纳税筹划是企业科学合法地降低纳税风险、减轻纳税成本、规避税赋的有效途径。纳税筹划应遵循服从于企业财务管理总体目标、服务于财务决策过程、依法、综合和事先筹划约原则采用多种方法,走出误区,合理进行纳税筹划。 相似文献
89.
Declines in low-skill labour shares are reviewed, and a stylised model is constructed to examine their determinants and future implications. A retrospective analysis of US shocks suggests that technological change has contributed more to raising income inequality and the wealth to GDP ratio than other changes. An anticipated future twist away from low-skill labour toward the capital, combined with population growth, risks high unemployment rates. Productivity growth at twice the pace since 1990 limits this, though inequality persists. Analysis shows that a generalisation of the US ‘earned income tax credit’ system with consumption tax outperforms alternatives of the ‘universal basic income’. 相似文献
90.
合同能源管理(EPC)模式是一种节能新机制,可为参与各方提供多赢的结果和发展机会,正在成为企业节能减排的新动力。本文拟探讨EPC模式下如何明确财务分析评价范围、方法和税务等方面的问题。 相似文献