经济结构转型升级路径下的增长分析

可持续增长是对现实中经济增长的挑战,这表明经济增长受到众多因素的制约,对某地区增长模型的分析佐证了这一认识。经济结构升级换代是区域可持续增长的关键。新古典理论通过外生的技术进步来解释可持续增长;内生增长理论认为,内生的技术进步使资本边际收益不变,从而投资导致经济长期增长。两种理论都认为,技术进步是区域经济可持续增长的"原动力"。     

论劳动价值论的数学与模型分析

从马克思主义政治经济学系统方法论看,劳动价值论的基本规定是哲学思维分析和数学与模型分析,因此,劳动价值的数学与模型分析必须坚持以唯物史观为基础的数理表现,它的实际运用范围则集中地体现于实现经济本质分析与经济运行分析的统一.具体而言,劳动价值论对于价值创造、价值决定的说明,实则是科学解析了商品生产的内在逻辑,而其对于价值运行的一般分析,则可能为逻辑一致的经济理论体系奠定坚实的基础.在当前,劳动价值论的数理发展应当更加广义化和应用化,以增进理论贴近现实的内涵.     

Has Switzerland Really Been Marked by Low Productivity Growth? Hours Worked and Labor Productivity in Switzerland in a Long‐run Perspective

This paper shows that previous work has understated Switzerland's performance in terms of labor productivity growth. First, available data on hours worked are incoherent and overestimate growth in hours worked. The paper therefore establishes a consistent series of total hours worked and its components covering 1950–2010, showing that Swiss labor inputs actually were stable from 1964 to 2007. Second, long‐term improvements in Switzerland's Terms of Trade indicate that quality improvements in Swiss exports might not be fully mirrored in growth of GDP and, hence, productivity growth.     

三大技术创新主体科技成果与经济增长关系研究

在探讨技术创新主体构成、主体不同研究性质及对应经济效益的基础上,对产学研合作背景下的三大技术创新主体与经济增长关系进行了梳理。基于中国1986-2011年的时间序列数据,采用VAR模型,综合运用格兰杰因果检验、脉冲响应函数和方差分解,对中国不同技术创新主体的科技成果与经济增长进行了动态分析。研究表明,企业科技成果对经济发展成效较好,其次是高校,而科研机构科技成果对经济增长的促进作用比企业和高校小得多。结合中国不同技术创新主体的科技成果产出效应进行实证分析,为不同技术创新主体协同实现科技成果对经济增长的正向影响提出了对策建议。     

商业银行流动性过剩问题的再认识

最近,学术界对商业银行流动性问题议论颇多,议论的焦点是银行的流动性过剩及由此引发的种种后果.本文基于既往研究中值得深思的四个问题,从商业银行超额储备构成出发对流动性过剩的内涵、判断标准及影响因素进行界定,以商业银行保持流动性成因的微观视角管窥我国商业银行流动性过剩问题.在此基础上,本文认为商业银行流动性过剩问题的解决与资本市场的发展并无必然的直接联系,并针对流动性过剩问题的不同形成原因提出了相应的几点看法.     

商品价值的两种存在形态

物化劳动不是商品价值的惟一存在形态。是否创造有形物质产品不是创造价值的必要条件。物化劳动只是有形商品价值的存在形态。服务劳动是一种商品,活劳动是其价值存在形态。因此,商品价值应有两种存在形态：一种是物化劳动形态,另一种是活劳动形态。     

论农业可持续发展的科技创新机制

２１世纪的农业必然是可持续农业,如何促使常规农业向可持续方向发展,是当前学术界探讨的热门问题。本文从我国基本国情出发,提出实现我国农业可持椟发展必须依靠科技创新,并在这一基础上,探讨我国农业可持续发展的创新机制及其建立方式。     

城市地理学研究新的领域思考

改革开放以来，由于国民经济的迅速发展，我国工业化、城市化的进程明显加快。从国情分析可知，我国的城市化出现了五种特有的现象，这为城市地理学的研究提供了广阔的平台。城市地理学在我国城市发展与城市化的重大问题研究上，长期以来取得了许多重要成果，理论方法上也有重大建树，成为人文科学与自然科学研究领域中最为活跃的一支生力军^①。文章从我国实际出发，提出了城市地理学研究的思维方法及其若干新的研究领域。     

Ecological Transfers in Non-Human Communities Parallel Economic Markets in a General Equilibrium Ecosystem Model

Synopsis: The oft-cited analogies between ecological and economic systems are exploited to develop a many-species model of population dynamics. In economies, markets are the fundamental institutions in which the interaction of demands and supplies determine the quantities and prices of goods. However, economic markets are not appropriate for ecological communities, because markets rely on voluntary exchange, whereas plants and animals engage in involuntary transfers of biomass. A properly defined counterpart to markets based on biomass transfers permits a general equilibrium model of predator/prey and competitive interactions in a many-species community. Functional response from optimal foraging and predation risk provide the demand and supply, respectively, in the biomass transfers. Energy per unit time is scarce and predators and prey make optimum choices with respect to functional response and risk avoidance based on required energy expenditures. The energy expenditures are similar to economic prices: they determine foraging strategies and are beyond the control of the predators and prey, yet they are determined by the aggregate choices of all predators and prey and by population densities. The energies acquired from foraging are used in a new way to construct difference equations that determine the population dynamics. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

R&D competition, absorptive capacity, and market shares

This paper deals with an oligopolistic industry where firms are engaged in cost-reducting R&D activity to maximize their market shares. The existence and uniqueness of a feedback-Nash-optimal R&D strategy for each firm are discussed. Our simulations highlight that variations in spillovers hardly influence the firms' R&D investment, if their absorptive capacities to exploit extramural knowledge depend on their R&D efforts. Moreover, extramural knowledge cannot completely replace in-house R&D. However, a high level of public R&D favors the firm with the most restrictive R&D expenditure constraint and/or with the lowest initial R&D stock, provided it invests in R&D.