环境规制、技术创新与中国火电行业的效率提升

基于效率的视角,本文对2004年中国30个省(自治区、直辖市)火电行业的环境规制进行分析。首先利用三阶段DEA模型排除经营环境与统计噪音对中国火电行业效率的影响,然后从非规制、弱规制、强规制三个层次分析环境规制程度与中国火电行业效率的关系。实证结果表明,环境规制可以提升中国火电行业整体的效率水平,总体上存在技术创新激励效应,但并非适用各个地区。最后本文根据环境规制与技术效率的关系,将中国各地区火电行业的发展模式划分为内力驱动环境友好型、环境弱友好型和外力推动环境友好型三种,并给出各自适应的规制建议。     

区域技术创新能力影响因素的实证分析——基于全国30个省市区的面板数据

区域技术创新能力的影响因素是理论界尚未系统深入探讨的问题。本文在阐明技术创新机理的基础上,运用经过改进的格瑞里茨和杰菲的知识生产函数模型,对2005—2007年我国30个省市区三大技术创新主体投入产出面板数据进行技术创新能力影响因素的实证分析,并把市场化因素首次设为虚拟变量引入模型考察其作用。分析结果表明,中国区域技术创新二次产出存在多样化差异,R&D在技术创新主体之间和内部的配置,以及创新主体内外制度性因素对技术创新的绩效有重要影响。因此,提高区域技术创新能力需要优化R&D配置和进行技术创新主体的体制机制创新。     

创新困境与市场结构——我国制药工业缺乏创新的产业经济学解释

我国制药工业正面临着技术创新困境。通过对制药工业技术创新特征的研究和国外企业的经验,文章发现进行高成本技术创新行为的产业组织根源是寡头竞争的市场结构。在此结论基础上,提出了我国制药工业摆脱技术创新困境所需要的产业组织政策。     

How do internal capabilities and external partnerships affect innovativeness?

How do a firm’s internal capabilities and external partnerships contribute to its product and process innovativeness? How do their impacts differ? Based on the theoretical framework of exploitation and exploration, we develop an integrative model linking the impact of both internal capabilities and external partnerships on product and process innovativeness. Survey responses from Taiwanese biotechnology firms indicate that research and development (R&;D), marketing, and manufacturing capabilities have different effects on product and process innovativeness. Of the four types of external partnerships, only partnerships with universities and research institutes seem to add value, whereas partnerships with suppliers, customers, and competitors do not contribute to innovativeness. Moreover, marketing capability and customer partnerships have a positive interaction effect on product innovativeness, while manufacturing capability and supplier partnerships have a positive interaction effect on process innovativeness.     

Experience matters: The role of academic scientist mobility for industrial innovation

Research Summary: A learning‐by‐hiring approach is used to scrutinize scientists' mobility in relation to the recruiting firms' subsequent innovation output. Our starting point is that among firm hires, individuals with university research experience—hired from universities or firms—can be particularly valuable. However, conflicting institutional logics between academia and industry makes working with academic scientists challenging at times for firms. We suggest two solutions to this difficulty: hiring “ambidextrous” individuals with a mix of experience of university research and working for a technologically advanced firm, and a strong organizational research culture in the recruiting firm reflected by the presence of a scientist on the top management team. We track the mobility of R&D workers empirically using patent and linked employer‐employee data. Managerial Summary: An important way to make organizations more innovative is hiring individual researchers with the right types of skills and experience. We show that individuals with university research experience beyond their final degree are particularly likely to help boost firm‐level innovation output after hiring compared to R&D workers with other types of skills and experience. However, to obtain good returns to innovation from hiring such individuals, firms need a university research–friendly organizational culture when hiring individuals with university research experience, from either firms or academia.     

Knowledge diversity and coordination: The effect of intrafirm inventor task networks on absorption speed

Research Summary: We combine the absorptive capacity and social network theory approaches to predict how intrafirm “whole” network characteristics affect the firm's speed of absorption of external knowledge to produce inventions. We start from the widely accepted view that distant, externally‐developed knowledge is difficult to absorb into the focal firm's own knowledge production. We suggest that high levels of intrafirm inventor task network diversity and task network density are essential for a diversity of knowledge inputs and coordinated actions regarding knowledge transfer, which in turn, reduces problems related to the absorption of knowledge—especially in the case of knowledge that is distant from the focal firm. The results of an event history study of 113 pharmaceutical firms that engaged in technology in‐licensing from 1986 to 2003 provide general support for our hypotheses. Managerial Summary: Firms keen to keep up with an uncertain and ever‐changing industry environment, can benefit from the speedy introduction of inventions. We examine how firms absorb licensed‐in technologies to nurture the rapid development of own related inventions. We show that a firm's absorption speed depends on the characteristics of the internal collaboration networks among the firm's inventor employees. More specifically, technologically diverse and well‐connected inventor networks improve the firm's ability to absorb external technologies quickly. This applies especially to externally acquired technologies that are unfamiliar to the firm. Depending on the distance of the acquired technology from the focal firm combined with speed‐inducing inventor network characteristics, our estimates suggest that firms can reduce the time needed for absorption by several months.     

协同创新组织模式与运行机制的国内外研究综述

在创新驱动背景下,产业升级和经济发展需要实行有效的协同创新。但受限于不适合的合作形式,不完善的运行机制等,现有协同创新效果不明显,协同创新组织模式和运行机制成为学术界研究的重点。本文通过国内外文献回顾,对协同创新的概念界定、协同创新组织模式、协同创新运行机制进行梳理和评述,厘清该领域已取得的研究进展、研究的局限和未来研究的方向,以期为未来研究提供参考。     

新常态下的创新驱动——对创新服务体系的认识

党 的十八届五中全会报告指出,坚持创新发展,必须把创新摆在国家发展全局的核心位置,不 断推进理论创新、制度创新、科技创新、文化创新等各方面创新。我国经济发展进入了新常 态阶段,认识新常态、适应新常态、引领新常态,是当前和今后一个时期我国经济发展的大 逻辑。改革开放30年来,我国的创新能力有了大幅度提高,但是仍存在影响创新能力发展的 诸多障碍,尤其是创新服务体系还严重缺失。我国在加快科技与经济融合的进程中,需要重 视创新服务体系建设,把发展基点放在创新上,形成促进创新的体制架构。在大众创业、万 众创新的大形势下,打造创新创业集成服务商,支持创新平台、孵化载体建设,促进专业创 新服务机构的发展。     

企业技术创新与企业经济绩效关系的探析

本文以总资产收益率和净资产收益率作为反映企业经济绩效的因变量,以研发密度、技术人员比率、资本支出率和专利作为反映企业技术创新的自变量,同时选用控制变量资产负债率（Debt）和企业规模（Size）进行回归估计,得出如下结论：企业研发密度、企业技术人员比率、专利授权数均与企业经济绩效之间存在正相关关系,资本支出率与企业经济绩效之间存在负相关关系。     

技术学习成本的分担方式与企业创新绩效关系的实证研究

本文选取2009～2013年中国医药行业上市公司作为研究样本,分别对技术学习的企业内部投入成本与社会外部投入成本对企业创新绩效的影响进行了实证分析,同时探讨了技术学习的两种承担方式之间的关系。研究结果表明,技术学习过程中的企业投入与社会投入均对企业创新绩效产生显著正向影响,技术学习的投入越大,企业创新绩效越好。但政府以税收优惠与财政补贴等政策方式分担企业技术学习成本的效果并不显著。