农村外流劳动力的回流意愿及影响因素分析基于 2016 年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据

[目的]通过异质性视角定量分析农村外流劳动力的回流意愿,不仅有利于引才回乡政策的精准化,还有助于化解农村"空巢化""老龄化"等一系列现实问题。[方法]文章以农村外流劳动力为研究对象,运用定序Logit回归模型实证检验农村外流劳动力的回流意愿及影响因素,并对结果进行了异质性分析和稳健性检验。[结果]当地有房会增加农村外流劳动力的回流意愿;未婚、受教育程度低、累计流动时间短、年龄大和职业不稳定会增加农村外流劳动力的回流意愿;受教育程度的影响主要来源于三、四线城市,年龄和职业的影响主要来源于中、西部地区,收入降低会加速东部地区及一、二线城市的农村外流劳动力回流;农村外流劳动力的回流意愿不存在性别差异。[结论]综合评估返乡劳动力,灵活调整土地资源供给、坚持产业兴乡战略定位,为返乡人才提供发展空间、积极转变引才思路,注重打造乡村文明建设,能够提升引才回乡的效率。     

农业科研单位财务与资产管理部门的 角色定位及目标

[目的]通过研究如何科学、合理地确定水库农村移民生产安置人口,以提高移民工作质量、实现和谐移民.[方法]采用文献法与综合对比分析的方法,在论述移民生产安置人口确定重要性的基础上,全面分析影响移民生产安置人口确定的各类因素,对当前移民安置生产人口确定常用计算方法从计算模型、注意事项、使用条件、优点、缺点分别加一对比分析,对标准亩计算法的水库农村移民生产安置人口计算行了改进,改进后的标准亩计算法综合考虑了土地的数量、因高程变化及区域不同而产生的土地质量差异、移民对土地的依赖程度、农作物产值等因素,具有其他方法所不具备的优势.[结果]应用改进后的标准亩计算法对陕西某水库移民工程进行实证分析,结果表明采用改进标准亩计算法在确定移民生产安置人口上能够克服传统计算方法的不足.[结论]改进标准亩计算法对于移民生产安置人口的把握较其他确定方法更为准确合理,在实际工程中的实践应用效果良好.     

Sense of belonging,international migrants’ spending,and implications for their subjective well-being

A lack of a sense of belonging in the host country has become one of the most common challenges facing international migrants in today's sociopolitical environment. Our two online experiments with 881 international migrant workers in the United States jointly demonstrate that, to cope with their lack of a sense of belonging in the host country, international migrants may spend money suboptimally: more on material purchases but less on experiential and prosocial purchases. More importantly, our studies suggest that prosocial purchases are more effective than experiential purchases in increasing international migrants’ subjective well-being. This is because prosocial purchases can lead to both relatedness need satisfaction and beneficence, with each independently contributing to international migrants’ subjective well-being. Our research suggests that public policymakers should address the social exclusion international migrants experience when moving to a new country because it can have a negative impact on their subjective well-being. Our research further suggests that one way to mitigate social exclusion is to encourage international migrants to spend money on others rather than themselves.     

Toward a non-organizational theory of human resource management? A complex adaptive systems perspective on the human resource management ecosystem in (con)temporary organizing

The emergence of the temporary organization has ushered in a new logic of organizing accompanied by paradigm-shifting challenges with respect to how the evolving nature of work, workers, and collective effort are to be understood. To capture the complexity inherent in this new order, and to broaden our focus from the organization to the enfolding ecosystem within which temporary organizing must be situated and understood, we engage in problematization to develop a multi-level framework for theorizing the contemporary human resource management ecosystem. Curating insights from complexity science, we conceptualize this ecosystem as a complex adaptive one and we propose a framework that integrates key structural (open boundaries and relational constitution), emergent (contextual and complex causality), and temporal (dynamic and adaptive) properties. To deepen lines of inquiry around these defining elements, we advance a series of propositions for testing, and we outline a range of theoretical, methodological, and practical implications that arise from our work.     

Discipline and resistance in southwestern Ontario: Securitization of migrant workers and their acts of defiance

COVID-19 has had deep impacts on a wide range of vulnerable communities in Canada. Migrant agricultural workers in the southwestern region of Ontario were particularly impacted. Fearing the threat of the ‘racialized foreign other’, the Canadian state produced myriad securitization responses with heightened surveillance. This paper will examine both state and non-state forms of securitization and the response from both workers and activists such as the advocacy group Justicia for Migrant Workers (J4MW). While there has been ample discussion of how vulnerable migrant agricultural workers were affected during the pandemic, there has been less attention paid to how state policies have heightened and targeted specific groups such as migrant agricultural workers through modes of securitization. Central to this was to ensure that labour needs would be met to ensure the viability of Canada's multi-billion agricultural industry. This paper shows how securitization and control were vital to ensure no disruptions to production levels and Canada's role as a leading agricultural export producer.     

数字金融发展能促进返乡农民工再就业吗*——基于中国劳动力动态调查（CLDS）的经验分析

互联网技术推动数字金融快速发展，对于降低融资约束和创业成本，推动我国返乡农民工创业就业，助力乡村振兴战略实现，具有十分重要的意义。本文通过构建理论模型，研究数字金融对返乡农民工再就业的影响，并使用中国数字普惠金融指数和中国劳动力动态调查（CLDS）数据进行实证检验。研究发现：数字金融发展水平每提高一个标准差，促进返乡农民工非农就业概率提高0062个单位～021个单位，并使其农业就业概率降低0071个单位～022个单位。数字金融能够降低融资和创业成本，吸引返乡农民工在农村地区开展机会型创业，由此创造就业岗位，促进收入提升；相比之下，数字金融对进城农民工创业及收入没有显著影响。异质性分析显示，数字金融能够显著促进低物质资本、低人力资本的返乡农民工开展机会型创业，并对高儿童抚养比的返乡农民工有更强的普惠性。本文为返乡农民工等重点人群“稳就业”、推动农村信息化与乡村振兴战略实现，提供经验证据与政策依据。     

Return Versus onward Migration: Go Back or Move On?

This paper examines the impact of unemployment on out-migration by distinguishing between return and onward migration and controlling for total earnings. We use Timing-of-Events models and control for the endogeneity of total earnings, unemployment and out-migration using administrative data from the Netherlands. Our findings suggest that unemployment triggers return migration more than onward migration. When total earnings are low unemployment increases the hazard of return migration. When total earnings are high the hazard rate of onward migration for unemployed immigrants increases. Thus, these findings highlight that out-migration is affected both by unemployment and by total earnings as well as by the interaction between the two.     

Skilled maintenance trades under lean manufacturing: Evidence from the car industry

This article explores how skilled maintenance trades have fared under lean automotive manufacturing, a cohort of workers relatively neglected in the literature. Historically, such trades possessed a distinct ‘craft consciousness’ derived from apprenticed-acquired skill, autonomy in job execution, strict job boundaries and relative occupational status and prestige. The article assesses how lean has impacted this craft tradition over time, drawing on a case study of one UK car plant to assess its trajectory across three decades. Four different skilled cohorts—electrical, mechanical, control engineers and die maintenance fitters—are examined to gauge respective trends in skill, autonomy, demarcation and status. While the study finds variation in experiences across different trades, the general trend points to a deterioration in work conditions on all four benchmarks of assessment. The article concludes by inferring implications for the future trajectory of skilled trades considering recent accounts provided in Industry 4.0 narratives.     

大型钢网架结构支撑卸载施工技术研究——以广东省佛冈体育馆工程为例

为了使网架结构在卸载过程中能平稳地进行应力重分布，保证结构的安全性及施工的便利性，结合佛冈体育馆钢网架屋面项目，采用有限元分析对临时支撑卸载过程进行施工模拟，分析卸载方案各个阶段结构的内力分布情况；建立屋面大型钢网架临时支撑的卸载方案，用于指导现场施工；在实际结构的关键支撑点位处，使用先进测量技术自动化监测采集支撑杆件卸载全过程的应力应变、位移变形等数据，与施工模拟结果进行对比分析。结果表明：卸载过程各关键杆件的最大变形和应力不存在超限情况，整体结构受力稳定。所提卸载工艺能够有效控制网架构件变形和内力，实现体育馆屋面的信息化施工管理，保证网架临时支撑体系平稳、安全卸载。研究成果可为优化网架结构支撑卸载方案提供借鉴，并为大跨度网架结构施工管理提供科学依据。     

中国通用航空产业补贴效率及最优补贴制度研究—以低空飞行服务业为例

补贴效率是检验补贴制度设计合理性、运行有效性的核心标准。研究发现,我国通用航空飞行服务业补贴制度存在相对供给挤占、暂时性收益陷阱、恶性亏损经营和资金体内循环4类突出的效率损失及福利侵蚀问题,补贴对通航运营企业经营效益提升无显著影响。立足补贴效率受损形式并顺应有效供给和需求严重不足的产业发展矛盾,以社会福利和外部性为核心,从结构重塑、机制优化两个维度出发,全面建立我国通用航空飞行服务业补贴制度并探讨最优补贴边界,最大化补贴效益。首先,以需求二维影响机制为理论支撑,搭建“需求侧保险费率补贴制度+供给端弹性补贴计划”的双侧补贴模式,减缓有效供需规模偏小对企业短期非理性补贴行为的过度激化。其次,从调整补贴标准、丰富补贴层次、规范补贴流程、定位补贴属性4个方面着手深度优化供给侧补贴计划,并以应用事后补贴安排、筹建再保险补贴基金的形式细化需求侧补贴内容,以期最大程度减少补贴效率损耗对预期补贴福利的影响。