Residential segregation and educational attainment of children from regional migrant families in China

This paper studies the residential segregation effects on educational attainment of children from regional migrant families in China. We find that if migrant families live in segregated communities with fewer local residents, the school dropout rate of the children living with their parents in the host cities is higher and their high school enrollment rate is lower. We employ a unique set of nationwide survey data of regional migrants in China in 2012 and 2013 that comprises more than 150,000 individuals in each year. We first use the ratio of migrants over the total population residing in a community to measure segregation. When the ratio increases by 10%, the school dropout rate of migrant children increases by 4.7% from the mean value. Secondly, we identify segregation from the housing type of the migrant family. When they reside in the dorms provided by their employers or in the workplace, they will also be surrounded by many migrant colleagues. We find that living in such places increases the “not‐going‐to‐high‐school rate” of migrant children by 35% from the mean value. Our subsample analysis indicates that the segregation effects only exist in the samples of male migrant children and rural hukou families.     

建筑业高级技工培养障碍性因素与对策研究

建筑业是各个行业发展的基础性先导产业,其前后关联度范围大,但从业人员结构构成不合理,培养的制约因素诸多,本文借助层次分析法提出建筑行业高级技工培养的关键性障碍因素。利用资金时间价值原理,从建筑企业内、外部分别提出培养高级技工的有效路径。     

Anti‐immigration policy in the destination country and skilled–unskilled wage inequality in a source economy with or without unemployment

This paper is aimed at theoretically examining the consequence of the anti‐immigration policy adopted in the destination country on the skilled–unskilled wage inequality in a source nation using a couple of two‐sector, specific‐factor general equilibrium models in both the presence and absence of unemployment. Emigration requires incurring some capital cost for professional skill formation on the part of every prospective emigrant that adds to the opportunity cost of emigration. The authority of the destination country determines the number of visas to be granted and hence directly controls the magnitude of skilled emigration from the source country. In the migration equilibrium, the expected skilled wage income abroad is equal to the opportunity cost of emigration. In both the presence and absence of unemployment of unskilled labor, the outcome of the policy on the wage inequality crucially hinges on both the magnitude of the fixed cost of emigration and the technological factors. In the specific‐factor Harris–Todaro model, the degree of imperfection in the unskilled labor market is an additional factor. Finally, some policy recommendations have been made for protecting the interest of the poor unskilled workforce.     

生物多样性视角下城市闲置地的微更新 探索——以临时社区花园为例

生物多样性在城市环境中发挥着重要的作用。作为城市闲置地微更新的常见方式,临时社区花园能够带来很高水平的生物多样性和生态系统服务,是城市优化绿色空间的良好途径之一。社区花园在改善闲置地生境质量的同时,也受到植被结构和管理维护水平等因素的影响。通过对临时社区花园典型案例的分析,探讨了灵活的城市闲置地微更新方式在我国城市的适用性。     

熟练劳动力供需矛盾对广东产业结构升级的影响

次贷危机席卷全球,广东省已有上千家"低附加值、低利润、低技术含量"的外向型中小企业受金融风波的影响而相继倒闭。但是与此同时,高新技术产品出口却保持平稳增长,而培养熟练劳动力则是优化珠三角产业结构调整升级的关键一步。本文分析了熟练劳动力紧缺的现状与主要原因,并提出解决问题的对策。     

高技能人才培养模式的探索与实践

高技能人才培养问题是当前研究的热点,开展校企合作有着重要意义,本文提出了校企合作培养中的课程设置建设思路,并对校企合作人才培养模式进行深入分析,提出了作者的观点。     

草土围堰施工方法

草土围堰是临时围堰常用的办法,防渗漏较好且经济实用。文章详述了草土围堰施工的具体要求、施工工序和方法,指出了施工过程中容易发生的问题及处理措施。     

住房特征与乡城移民的定居意愿

新型城镇化背景下,乡城移民群体发生了结构性变化,以住房为代表的社会性因素成为影响移民城市定居意愿的主要原因。基于杭州、广州、大连、西安四市的问卷调查数据,运用次序回归模型,探讨乡城移民的居住现状以及住房特征对其定居意愿的综合性影响,研究发现：住房特征是移民是否愿意定居城市的重要影响因素,住房产权对移民定居意愿影响最大,住房面积、住房支出、住房区位和住房环境也对定居意愿有显著影响;对于无本地户口移民而言,住房区位和住房面积对定居意愿的影响更大,而住房支出和住房环境对定居意愿的影响相对不敏感。     

Comparing the employment-output elasticities of migrants and nationals: the case of the Gulf Cooperation Council

Many countries have large or increasing migrant populations. We estimate the elasticity of private-sector employment to nonoil GDP for nationals and migrants using a Seemingly Unrelated Error Correction (SUREC) model. We use data from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, which have a particularly large share of foreign workers. Our results indicate that the employment response is statistically significantly lower for nationals, who have an estimated short-run elasticity of only 0.15 and a long-run response of 0.7, than for migrants, where the short- and long-run elasticities are 0.35 and almost unity. Lower elasticities could signal higher labour market adjustment costs. In the context of low oil prices, forecasts imply a significant jobs shortfall for nationals in the coming years.