文化折扣、市场规模与中国文化产品出口

近年来我国对于文化产品出口给予了高度重视。基于2003年至2011年相关数据,本文以文化折扣和市场规模两个因素为重点,分析了我国核心文化产品出口贸易的决定因素。实证结果显示,无论是基于全部还是基于分类产品贸易额的检验,都证实了市场规模因素的正面影响以及文化折扣因素的负面影响。上述结论的政策含义体现在两个方面：一是应合理确定重点出口市场,加强对重点目标市场的深入分析,通过双边或多边合作减少贸易壁垒,确保中国文化产品的商业存在及公平竞争。二是要充分重视文化折扣效应的不利影响,充分借鉴他国开展文化外交的有效举措,大力推动我国文化传播,提升我国文化的国际影响力和认知度。     

大城市更有利于创新吗？

基于2003—2017年中国277个地级及以上城市的面板数据,分析城市规模及其空间互动对城市创新产出的影响效应。研究结果包括：第一,全样本的估计结果显示,随着城市规模持续扩大,城市创新能力不断提升,但是该正向作用会受到城市所处地区和资源禀赋的约束;第二,作用机制检验结果表明,更大的市场需求规模与更高的金融集聚水平是大城市拥有更多创新产出的重要路径;第三,从空间溢出效应视角分析后发现,城市创新的空间集聚特征呈现正的显著性,同时当城市的规模越大时,其对周边城市创新的抑制效应就更为强烈。     

微气泡曝气中微气泡收缩特性研究

微气泡曝气是一种新的气泡曝气方式,气泡特性对微气泡曝气性能具有显著影响。采用气-水旋流微气泡发生装置,考察了微气泡曝气中气泡尺寸和微气泡收缩特性及其影响因素。结果表明,微气泡发生装置在清水中产生的微气泡平均直径为55.85μm,标准偏差为30.03μm;40～50μm直径范围内的微气泡所占的体积分率最大,表面活性剂SDS会降低微气泡的平均直径。微气泡具有加速收缩消失的行为特性,微气泡初始直径与收缩时间之间存在显著的正相关关系,静态条件下相同初始直径的微气泡收缩过程存在明显差异。表面活性剂SDS存在时,微气泡的收缩时间显著延长。微气泡的收缩时间与传质区域面积具有负相关关系,表明微环境影响微气泡收缩过程。     

耕地流转与规模经营改善了农业环境吗？ ——基于耕地利用行为对农业环境效率的影响检验

研究目的:基于2007—2016年26省农业生产数据,测算"面源污染"和"碳排放"两类非期望产出下的农业环境效率,构建"耕地流转—利用规模—利用方式与利用强度—农业环境效率"的传导路径并进行计量检验。研究方法:超效率SBM模型,中介效应模型。研究结果:(1)耕地流转并未显著提高农业环境效率,但耕地利用规模对农业环境效率的影响呈倒U型;(2)耕地流转有助于扩大耕地利用规模,进而在样本中对农业环境效率呈现负向影响。与此同时,耕地流转对农业环境效率也存在正向的直接效应,正负效应基本抵消;(3)耕地利用规模主要通过改变化肥和机械投入强度进而负向影响农业环境效率。研究结论:农业环境效率受耕地流转、利用规模、利用方式和强度等多重因素影响,呈现明显的传导路径,因此,为了提高农业环境效率,在积极推行土地流转和规模化经营政策时,要注意结合地区农业生产力和地理环境,避免盲目扩大经营规模,同时鼓励规模经营主体引进农业绿色环保技术,注重农业生产资料的合理利用。     

中国制造业集聚的实证研究：基于企业规模异质性视角

本文基于中国制造业集聚的数据,从企业规模异质性视角出发,检验中国制造业集聚经济效应。首先考察影响制造业集聚的一般因素,然后重点考察了企业规模因素对集聚经济的影响机制。研究发现：除了运输成本优势、劳动力成本等影响制造业集聚的一般因素之外,企业规模异质性也对集聚经济效应产生影响。最后通过构造隐含企业规模因素的集聚经济新变量,对企业规模异质的集聚经济效应进行检验。本文的研究发现,小型企业的专业化经济和竞争效应大于大中型企业。这一结论不仅反映了不同规模企业对制造业集聚影响的差异,也说明了小型企业对制造业集聚的重要性。     

中国城市公园的标度律特征分析

科学研判城市公园面积与人口规模的关系,有利于 客观认识和指导城市的可持续发展。采用1996—2019年中 国291个地级及以上城市公园面积与人口规模数据,探究二者 之间的标度关系及其标度因子的时空演化规律,进而采用基于 标度律的公园规模修正模型度量各城市公园面积达到预期值的 程度,并对规模修正指标和人均公园面积进行比较分析,得到 如下结果。1)我国公园面积与人口规模整体呈亚线性规模缩 放关系,公园具有显著规模效应,符合城市标度律特征;时间 上呈现亚线性-超线性-亚线性的阶段性波动演变特征,空间 上分异明显：华南接近线性标度关系,华中、东北、华北、西 南呈典型亚线性关系,华东、西北呈亚线性,但标度因子偏离 度较大。2)大城市在人均公园面积排序中相对靠后,在考虑 规模效应后,排名普遍提高,说明规模修正指标能在消除人口 规模影响的基础上,有效衡量不同规模城市公园面积的水平。 标度律视角下的城市公园规模测度能够为城市人口管理和公园 面积发展的决策提供科学指导,为不同规模城市公园建设提供 可借鉴的比较标准,促进公园与人口的协调发展。     

Rural taxation and government regulation in China

This paper places the problem of Chinese rural taxation in the context of government regulation and seeks to present an integrated theoretical framework of Chinese rural development in the past two decades. Our theoretical framework reconciles the seemingly contradictory facts that the average level of rural taxation relative to rural net income did not increase quickly from 1990, but rural taxation became a very serious problem in this period. Our findings suggest that this is in large part due to increases in rural income disparity from 1990 and uneven tax distribution among different income groups. We argue that differentiated enforcement of government regulations such as grain procurement and birth control play an important role in the rural taxation problem, and more generally, the problem of local government expansion and rising rural income disparity. The empirical findings support our hypotheses.     

Reassessing Firm Size in International Marketing Research

This study investigates the relevance and importance of firm size as a current research variable in international marketing while being cognizant of the reasons behind previous researcher's focus on firm size. Utilizing two different databases and analyses, this study integrates existing research on the effects of firm size variables on decisions in international marketing and draws a general conclusion. The main research questions center on whether firm size matters in internationalization decisions and whether firm size is a meaningful proxy for specific firm resources. Our results suggest that the effect of size on internationalization becomes less significant over time and that the effect of firm size on choice of ownership is significantly less than that of other firm-specific variables such as R&D intensity and advertising intensity, suggesting that strategic international marketing decisions are more related to a firm's unique assets than to its size.     

Trade openness and government size of small developing countries

This paper examines the causal effect that trade openness has on government size in small developing countries (SDCs). We use the construction of the trade cost variables based on Baltic Dry Index in primary goods as instruments of trade openness to address the endogeneity issue. We find that the increase in trade openness leads to an increase in government size: a 1 percent expansion in trade openness (trade GDP ratio) raises government consumption over GDP ratio by approximately 0.1–0.2 percentage points on average. Its quantitative significance emphasizes the importance of rethinking the costs and benefits of trade openness for SDCs.     

“One-deal-fits-all?” On Category Sales Promotion Effectiveness in Smaller versus Larger Supermarkets

Even within a store chain and format, supermarket outlets often exhibit substantial differences in selling surface. For chain managers, this raises the issue of correctly anticipating the promotion lift, and of profitably managing promotion activities, across these outlets. In this paper, we conceptualize why and how store size influences the category sales effectiveness of four promotional indicators (depth of the promotional discount, display support, feature support, and whether the promotion is quantity-based). We then estimate the net moderating effect on four product categories for 103 store outlets belonging to four chains. For each of the promotion instruments, we find the percentage sales increases to be lower in large stores. For instance, whereas a 10% point increase in feature activity enhances category sales by about 1.64% in a 700 m² store, this figure drops to only 1.03% in a 1300 m² store – a 59% reduction. This moderating effect is especially pronounced for discount depth, the relative sales lift from a typical price cut being about 78% lower in the larger-sized outlet. However, since large outlets also have larger base sales, the picture changes when we consider absolute sales effects. The net outcome is that deeper discounts or quantity-based promotions do not systematically generate larger or smaller absolute sales bumps in large stores, whereas for in-store displays and features, we obtain a clear positive (be it less than proportional) link between store size and absolute category sales lift. When it comes to margin implications, we show that large stores gain higher profit from price cuts than small outlets only as long as the retailer keeps part of the manufacturer discount to himself. Managers can use these insights to improve their promotional forecasts across outlets, as well as to tailor their mix of instruments to store selling surface.