影响跨国公司技术转移的因素分析

全球经济中已形成了以跨国公司为主体的复杂一体化的国际生产体系。在这一体系中,跨国公司特别是来自发达国家的跨国公司既是先进技术的载体和绝大多数前沿技术的创新者,也是国际技术转移与技术扩散的主体。随着前沿创新领域的扩展、创新成本的迅速提升以及高科技活动战略联盟     

行政私法行为及其法律控制

为了适应现代行政管理的需要,行政机关在使用权力手段来实现行政目的的同时,越来越青睐采用相对温和、民主的行政私法行为来实现行政目的。如何界定行政私法行为,如何对行政私法行为进行法律控制,成为我们迫切需要解决的课题。     

杭州市旅游交通网络初步分析

本文针对杭州市区旅游交通落后的现状,从杭州旅游景点的空间布局特征入手,首先分析了杭州游客流量的时空分布特征,再利用地理信息系统(GIS)技术对杭州市区旅游交通网络进行了全面分析,最后提出了杭州市区旅游交通发展和游客出行之间存在的结构性矛盾。为解决旅游交通问题提供科学的依据。     

环太湖旅游带旅游业联合发展战略初探

本文分析了环太湖旅游带旅游业联合发展的三大优势,提出了区域联合、整体协进、统筹规划、严格保护、合理开发、永续利用的战略思想,明确了战略重点,并提出了旅游业联合发展的主要措施。     

Destination environment quality and tourists' spatial behaviour in Nigeria: a case study of third world tropical Africa

In order to ascertain important features of tourist behaviour and destination environments that could form the basis for destination quality improvement in Nigeria, 376 tourists were randomly sampled from seven tourism destinations, using a simple rating scheme in a questionnaire survey. Results obtained showed that activities involving leisure/recreation, cultural appreciation and appreciation of nature, history and cultural artifacts were dominant experiences, values and motivation for destination visit. Results also showed variations in quality of environmental features between tourists in various destinations and between foreign and domestic tourists in their spatial behaviour, values and motivations. The study provides unique implications for tourism planning management and marketing, and a context for cross‐cultural comparison with similar western studies. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.     

重庆旅游商品市场现状及开发策略

重庆旅游发展迅速，但旅游商品却滞后于整个旅游业的发展。通过对重庆旅游商品市场的调查研究，本文主要从经营者、旅游商品本身及其营销环节等三个角度，分析了重庆旅游商品的市场现状，有针对性地提出了几点开发策略，以期为重庆旅游业发展提供一些有益的启示。     

旅游地空间商品化的形式与影响研究--以云南省丽江古城为例

20世纪70年代法国学者亨利·勒菲弗尔(Henri Lefebvre)提出"空间生产理论",认为空间是在人类主体的有意识活动中被不断生产出来的.如果以勒菲弗尔(Lefebvre)空间生产概念为分析工具,旅游地空间也是在发展旅游业、刺激民众消费、获取经济效益等社会背景下被创造、生产出来的.人们以符号的制造与运用赋予地方价值,再把地方意象赋予实质可消费物品,提高商品的交换价值.旅游生产系统通过销售"地方",获取多重服务与消费之后的利润;游客则借由消费内含了丰富地方意象的物质商品和服务而消费地方.文章以社会学和旅游研究中的分析概念为工具,以丽江古城为案例,尝试分析在具有自然或文化特性的旅游地,地方符号被应用于商品消费的具体方式,以及具公共性的观光空间,如何被纳入到私人商品消费的范畴,并由此探究旅游地空间商品化的过程以及空间商品化对当地社会文化的影响,希望对今天的地方旅游规划和文化保护工作有所帮助.     

对国内旅游者的旅游商品需求差异性研究--以西安市旅游商品市场为例

文章从旅游商品在旅游产业发展中的重要地位出发,通过对近年来国内外学者对旅游商品市场的研究回顾,结合我国旅游商品业发展中存在的实际问题,以西安旅游商品市场为例,对国内旅游者的旅游商品需求进行问卷调查。经过问卷整理、筛选和统计分析,对旅游者的旅游商品需求差异性进行假设检验;并在此实证研究的基础上。对西安旅游商品业的发展提出相应的对策建议。     

Tourist experiences,phenomenographic analysis,post‐postivism and neural network software

This paper argues that tourist experiences are essentially individualistic, although it is possible to discern consensual realties. It follows the viewpoint that positivistic research methodologies contain limitations in not being able to define the nature of individual tourist experience, and suggests that phenomenographic analysis may be one approach that permits both a revelation of individual experience while permitting model building of the shared consensus of what is actually happening. More tentatively it is suggested that, when allied with the use of current developments in software, such as that of CATPAC™, a post‐positivist paradigm of research results. Some results of research using this approach are indicated. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

War as a tourist attraction: the case of Vietnam

This paper considers the challenges involved in the presentation of war as a tourist attraction, using the example of recent conflicts in Vietnam and a particular site there to illustrate the issues which arise. It begins with a general discussion about war and tourism, and then moves on to examine the development of tourism in Vietnam and the place of wartime heritage. Various aproaches to interpretation are identified and the problems facing those responsible are highlighted. The dilemma is one of achieving a satisfactory balance between education and entertainment while providing an appropriate experience for visitors who come with different needs and expectations. Political circumstances represent an added complication. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.