Export Structure Optimized

The rapid growth of China＇s trade surplus is a reflection of its industrial advancement and growing competitiveness.     

工业站到发线通过能力查定方法研究

在利用率法计算到发线通过能力的基础上,结合宝山钢铁公司普通铁路运输系统的实际情况,提出了按股道别汇总、分析计算数据的计算到发线通过能力的新方法。该方法克服了传统计算方法存在的问题,为工业站到发线通过能力计算提供了一条可行的途径。     

Accounting for UK rail freight track charges: privatisation, politics and the pursuit of private sector vested interests

In 1996, the UK government privatised the railway industry based on a separation of rail infrastructure from train operations. Track, stations and signalling were transferred to a private sector infrastructure company, Railtrack plc. Separate passenger and freight train operators were required to pay track access charges to Railtrack for use of its rail infrastructure.

In 2001, in an attempt to meet the government’s plan to expand freight traffic, the government-appointed rail regulator substantially reduced the amount of track charges payable to Railtrack by the freight operators. The resulting shortfall in Railtrack’s revenue is met by public subsidy from another regulatory agency, the Strategic Rail Authority.

A failure by the regulators to insist on rail freight growth targets or to impose any claw-back of the subsidies for non-performance is a tribute to weak political and legislative control over regulatory mechanisms and, to a certain extent, reflects the ‘capture’ of the state regulatory process by the freight industry.

The net result has been a decline in rail freight traffic, an increase in public subsidy and a substantial increase in the earnings of the largest freight operator.     

我国社会利益关系的发展变化研究

我国社会利益关系发展变化不同的阶段,表现出不同的特点,利益关系发生变化的根本原因在于,人们不断变化和丰富的利益需求同相对落后的社会生产力之间的矛盾,直接影响我国利益关系变化的主要因素有以下方面———经济增长、结构调整与制度变迁。社会利益关系演进既有积极作用,也有消极影响。     

中国百年美学发生发展的轨迹

中国20世纪的美学是在中国传统美学与民族文化土壤上,由最初主要是吸收德国古典美学之后逐渐发生发展的;它在百年的中西融汇、中国古今整合过程中,基本形成了自身的理论框架,建构了比较稳定的理论范畴,并从一般原理不断向生活、艺术、自然和技术领域与美学史延伸,大体上实现了体系规模和致用效应,成为一个迅速发展的新学科。     

基于轨道电路解决站内分路不良方案的研究

近几年来,随着我国交通建设迅速发展,由站内分路不良而引起的行车事故也时有发生。要从根本上将该问题解决,提高轨道整体的运输效率,首先要了解造成电路分路不良的主要原因。本文分析了其导致原因,并对解决分路不良的方案进行探索研究,以此为我国今后交通建设的可持续发展提供一定的参考依据。     

铁路车站站内计轴轨道电路抗干扰方案的探讨

铁路车站站内计轴轨道电路由工务施工造成干扰是普遍存在的问题.通过对铁路车站站内计轴轨道电路几种抗干扰方案的研讨,阐述了各方案的特点,比较得出最优方案,即利用计轴点相邻轨道区段的状态和时间双重条件,对计轴轨道区段内“±1轴”进行冗余设计,以提高站内计轴设备的抗干扰能力,使设备的安全性得到保证.     

土地市场研究述评

本文将土地市场作为一个系统,土地交易价格、土地交易方式、土地供给者和需求者作为系统内部因子,土地产权、土地金融、土地规划、土地监察等作为系统环境,以此为线索梳理了近期关于土地市场的研究。在此基础上进行评论,并结合对我国湖北农村自发的土地金融形式的观察,指出当前我国土地市场缺乏交易效率的根本原因,以及理论研究有待突破的问题。     

Building an Efficient Financial System in China: A Need for Stronger Market Discipline

China has built a very comprehensive financial system, but has not let the market mechanism work freely. This unique pattern, rooted in China's dual‐track reform strategy between state and non‐state sectors, did not prevent a strong economic performance in the past, but is now a main cause of economic inefficiency and financial risks. The rapid development of digital finance is a back‐door way of financial liberalization, responding to both old repressive policies and new technologies. To accomplish the mission of building an efficient financial system, the government needs to take at least three further steps in financial reform: creating a level‐playing field; freeing up the market mechanism; and improving regulation. The key test lies in the effective enforcement of market discipline for corporate and financial institutions.     

Dual-track versus single-track sell-outs: An empirical analysis of competing harvest strategies

We investigate two non-traditional harvest strategies for selling a privately-held company. Dual-track private firms file for an IPO while also courting acquirers. These firms withdraw the IPO to be taken over. Dual-track public firms complete an IPO and are taken over shortly thereafter. Examining 679 takeovers from 1995–2004, we find private dual-track sell-outs earn a 22–26% higher premium and dual-track public sell-outs earn an 18–21% higher premium than single-track sell-outs. Larger, VC-backed, prestigious underwritten, and bubble-year firms have a higher propensity to take the dual-track path. The implication is that entrepreneurs may increase their harvest value by using a dual-track strategy.