高外贸依存度下的出口退税政策

改革开放初期,我国外汇短缺,为此国家实施“创汇战略”,实行出口退税。近年来,我国已成为全球第一大外汇储备国,形成一种全新的外贸环境。但另一方面也显现出我国经济对国际市场的依赖大大提高,外贸依存度不断上升。因此,我国对现行的出口退税政策进行了调整,此次调整将有利于进一步优化产业结构,促进外贸增长方式转变,推动进出口贸易均衡发展。     

WTO框架对我国粮食贸易的影响及政策选择

加入WTO后 ,我国将失去对农产品的非关税保护措施 ;对国内农业的支持政策和对农产品的出口鼓励政策也将受到较大限制 ,同时我国粮食市场也会受到一定的冲击。但它有利于我国粮食市场机制改革的进一步完善。为此 ,我国应充分利用WTO规则 ,把粮食作为贸易保护的重点。     

电子商务环境下对我国外贸实务工作创新的思考

本文阐述了电子商务环境下我国外贸企业实务工作层面的三个特点、四方面创新及制约我国开展网上国际贸易的关键--电子交易安全性问题.这些都是当前我国开展网上国际贸易应予以重视并加强研究和解决的问题.     

Design efficiency for non‐market valuation with choice modelling: how to measure it,what to report and why*

We review the basic principles for the evaluation of design efficiency in discrete choice modelling with a focus on efficiency of WTP estimates from the multinomial logit model. The discussion is developed under the realistic assumption that researchers can plausibly define a prior belief on the range of values for the utility coefficients. D‐, A‐, B‐, S‐ and C‐errors are compared as measures of design performance in applied studies and their rationale is discussed. An empirical example based on the generation and comparison of fifteen separate designs from a common set of assumptions illustrates the relevant considerations to the context of non‐market valuation, with particular emphasis placed on C‐efficiency. Conclusions are drawn for the practice of reporting in non‐market valuation and for future work on design research.     

China's agriculture,smallholders and trade: driven by the livestock revolution?*

China's sustained rapid economic growth and development has contributed to the surge in consumption and production of livestock in that country  termed the livestock revolution. Consumption trends are first reviewed, and changes in food consumption patterns include a marked shift away from grains and towards meats and dairy products. A question is to what extent this rapid increase in demand for livestock products is reflected in China's agri‐food trade statistics? While her agri‐food imports have dramatically increased since China's accession to the WTO, livestock products have not made a noticeable contribution, although the import of certain animal feedstuffs has. This implies China's continuing self‐sufficiency in most livestock products. The paper next considers developments in China's livestock farming sector and policies that have been contributing to these supply‐side developments. The paper concludes with an examination of issues that may be important to the future development of China's, and the world's, livestock situation;  this includes future demand developments, and the question of whether future demand growth in China might be met with local production, imports of final product, and/or imports of feedstuffs.     

近代中国的贸易条件:一般趋势及其与农产品贸易的关系

近代中国的综合贸易条件指数整体呈下降趋势,说明中国在对外进行商品交换过程中的相对经济利益是不断下降的.贸易条件的变动受汇率和国际价格水平的影响非常小,与国内价格水平也无明显关系.贸易条件的变动主要是由贸易结构的变化引起的,茶叶和生丝等农产品贸易的衰弱是造成贸易条件下降的主要原因.     

论国际贸易中的人权问题

国际贸易与人权的互动关系是近来备受关注的问题,发达国家和发展中国家在此问题上有各自的利益诉求。人权迟早会被纳入多边贸易体制的考虑范围之内,应对国际贸易中人权安排和发展进行研究,以制定或调整相关政策。     

国际经济背景下美元贬值的原因、影响及对策分析

美元贬值主要是由美元与主要经济体货币调整不同步以及方向选择差异而形成。对于不同经济体而言,美元贬值存在着非常分明的正负效应,由此导致了各国政府态度认识上的不同。同时,总体上美元的渐次贬值有利于全球经济走向均衡,但速率过猛的美元贬值却会破坏国际经济的均衡。因此,未来美元的下跌空间会受到限制,“美元危机”只是一个伪命题。     

国际贸易与劳工标准挂钩的模式比较研究

虽然在世界贸易组织框架内是否将国际贸易和劳工标准挂钩争论激烈,但由于该问题的现实性,国际贸易与劳工标准挂钩已出现多种实现模式并存的局面。文章对现有的国际贸易和劳工标准挂钩的主要模式从约束性、经济性和有效性方面进行了比较研究,认为各种模式有其特点和适用范围,模式发展的近期方向将是ILO和WTO的充分合作模式。     

人民币新汇制改革的贸易效应之谜——基于我国对外经济贸易特征视角的协整研究和脉冲分解

关于人民币汇制改革在我国贸易均衡方面的表现,文章运用Johansen模型揭示出:人民币升值是近两年贸易顺差形成的主要推动因素,马歇尔-勒纳条件在我国并不适用;依托于我国现行的经济贸易特征,未来一段时间我国仍将唱响贸易顺差的主旋律;在人民币加速升值的今天注重升值节奏对于保持我国贸易收支的稳定不容忽视,这一观点通过脉冲响应函数与方差分解得到了有效印证.