International spillovers of China's structural reforms

This paper sheds light on the international spillovers of China's reforms in upgrading industrial capabilities, liberalizing capital account, internationalizing the renminbi, and transition to flexible exchange rates. Drawing on two-country New Keynesian model of endogenous entry and portfolio adjustment, we find that China's industrial upgrading that peddles on yuan appreciation lifts all boats through global production network irrespective of capital account convertibility, degree of renminbi internationalization, and exchange rate reform. Feasibility of appreciation-driven upgrading is called into question, however, when renminbi reform and capital account liberalization go in parallel. We also show that international spillovers disappear once renminbi internationalization is associated with liberalized capital account and flexible renminbi exchange rates.     

甘肃省承接产业转移的行业间技术溢出效应影响因素分析

利用计量经济模型和通径分析法，该文对甘肃省工业行业的区际产业转移行业间溢出效应的影响因素进行分析。计量回归结果显示：人力资本、资本密集度对技术溢出具有显著的促进作用，技术差距对技术溢出具有显著的抑制作用，行业发展水平与技术溢出没有显著的相关关系。通径分析法与多元回归结论基本一致，但通径分析法比多元回归更加优越。分析结果表明，技术溢出效应的影响因素应该是承接地一系列因子指标的一个集合。     

一种基于褐煤提质的煤制天然气联产油品工艺

本文首先对褐煤提质技术、煤制天然气技术及煤制油技术做了阐述,进一步提出了一种基于褐煤提质的煤制天然气联产油品工艺,并对基于该工艺的工程实例做了初步分析,最终得出结论。     

经济社会转型升级中加快现代信息服务业发展研究

现代信息服务业是国民经济和现代服务业的重要组成部分。加快现代信息服务业发展是经济社会转型升级的必然选择。文章在分析我国现代信息服务业发展现状及问题的基础上，探讨了经济社会转型升级需要现代信息服务业推动，并从科学制定发展规划、加强人才培育与引进、优化产业结构等方面提出了加快现代信息服务业发展的对策。     

Impact of the Sloping Land Conversion Program on rural household income: An integrated estimation

The objective of this study is to identify the pathways of the potential impacts of the Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) on household income and quantify these impacts along the identified pathways. We fulfill this objective by developing an integrated analytic framework and using data collected from Wuqi county of Shaanxi for the period 2004–2010. This integrated analytic framework enables us to formulate a structural equation model for testing hypotheses regarding the direct and indirect impacts of the SLCP. It is found that the direct effect of the SLCP on household income is positive but very small and insignificant, suggesting that retiring cropland has, at least, not reduced income from farming. Moreover, the SLCP has had a much higher and even increasing indirect impact on household income through promoting labor transfer and relaxing liquidity constraints. Overall, the SLCP's total impact on household income ranged from 3% in 2004 to 9% in 2010 excluding the insignificant direct impact. The research and policy implications of our work are discussed.     

对称性交易：破解农村信贷供需衔接困局的内在逻辑——基于山东农村金融创新案例的分析

摘要：在现有农村土地产权制度下，土地及依附于其上的各类生产要素不具有充分交易的条件，进而因缺乏合格的交易客体而使农村金融交易呈现非对称状态。人民银行济南分行立足于满足枣庄流转土地和寿光蔬菜订单的需求，在谋求对称农村金融交易主体上寻求突破，较好顺应了农村土地规模化和集约化经营的主流趋势，对破解农村金融交易困境有一定借鉴意义。     

To each his own: Matching different entrepreneurial models to the academic scientist's individual needs

This paper presents a comparative case study of academic group leaders, active in three different scientific fields at a leading Swiss technical university. It examines the obstacles that prevent scientists from commercializing their technologies and how they can be reduced. Traditional models of technology transfer assume that scientists prefer either to 'go it alone' and become entrepreneurs (the inventor entrepreneur model) or to let go of their technologies to people interested in their commercialization (the surrogate entrepreneur model). The results of qualitative research suggest that these two models capture the extremes of a continuum populated by a variety of intermediate situations where scientists are unwilling completely to let go of their findings, but also do not want to become full time entrepreneurs. This results in considerable commercial potential that is unexploited. The Founding Angels approach might be a solution to this problem; it is designed for academics in these intermediate situations. The study contributes to the literature on university-industry technology transfer and should be useful for practitioners and scientists interested in maximizing the synergies between academia and industry.     

Market-based grazing land transfers and customary institutions in the management of rangelands: Two case studies on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Beginning in the early 1990’s, grazing lands once held in common were contracted to individual households in the rangeland regions of China. The resulting fragmentation of rangelands has led to ecological and social problems. As China seeks to address intractable poverty and rangeland degradation, attention has turned to rental, or transfer, of contracted grazing land as a market-based approach to re-aggregating grazing land into larger units that support economies of scale. However, given that many pastoral regions still maintain community customary institutions, what the relationship between market mechanisms and local customary institutions should be in rangeland management needs further analysis. This paper applies comparative case studies of two types of relationships between market mechanisms and customary institutions: (1) market mechanisms that replace customary institutions in the case of Axi village, and (2) market mechanisms that are embedded within customary institutions in Xiareer village. This allows contrast of the impacts of differing approaches on livelihoods, livestock production, and wealth differentiation among pastoral households. We found that there is a higher level of livestock mortality, lower livestock productivity, and higher livestock production cost in Axi Village compared to Xiareer Village. In addition, household asset levels are higher and there is less income differentiation in Xiareer Village. It is concluded that embedding market mechanisms within customary institutions has had notable benefits for the herders of Xiareer Village, because it is a better fit to the coupled pastoral social-ecological system. Based on these findings, we argue that in pastoral communities where the rangeland transfer system for contracted grazing land has not yet been implemented, it is critical to reconsider China’s current policy approach to pay greater attention to the innovative management systems being developed in local regions. Instead of considering market-based approaches as oppositional to traditional institutions, options that derive from the interaction of market-based and customary institutions should be considered.     

Transdisciplinarity in land use science – A review of concepts,empirical findings and current practices

In the search for solutions to complex real-world problems, the benefits of transdisciplinary research (TDR) have been widely heralded. Land use science appears to be a designated field for TDR. However, to date, the additional expenses of TDR are accompanied by a so far not proved added value, and empirical findings are claimed to be scarce and dispersed over several disciplines and case studies.We reviewed 299 articles obtained from a structured literature search to (1) investigate the current differences between theory and practice, (2) identify empirical findings, and (3) ascertain the contributions of TDR to promoting sustainable land use management.Our results demonstrate that, in spite of an increasing conceptual consistency in the theoretical discussion of TDR, the implementation of TDR remains a substantial challenge, in part because of the gap between theory and practice. In addition, research on TDR is science and process centred. The benefits of TDR in addressing real-world problems within the field of land use remain unproven.     

我国中小企业发展状况与政策研究——新形势下中小企业转型升级问题研究

我国中小企业得到了迅速的发展,在面向市场求生存、求发展中极具活力,已经成为国民经济中最活跃的成分。但是,面临复杂多变的国内外经济形势,结构性矛盾依然存在,局部性困难突出,新老问题交织,尤其部分行业小微型企业面临严峻形势,强大的市场倒逼机制推动中小企业加快转型升级的步伐。目前,阻碍中小企业转型升级的市场准入隐性壁垒依旧存在,转型升级下新生需求的多元化的金融业务、市场和机构发展滞后,中小企业成本全面上升导致转型升级动力不足,转型发展面临技术创新和管理创新瓶颈,中小企业的政府管理部门协调不力使得转型升级缺乏保障。未来必须充分认识中小企业的重要地位,把促进中小企业发展上升到国家战略层面,加强改革的顶层设计,破除民营经济和中小企业发展的体制机制障碍,缓解转型升级中融资难问题,同时通过加大扶持小微企业发展的财税支持力度以及鼓励中小企业转型升级和技术创新等,保障和促进中小企业转型与升级。