Experience and the unexpected: risk and mitigation issues for operating underground storage silos for coal-fired power plant

Observed autoignition events and extinguishing the resulting smouldering fires in an underground storage system of a coal-fired power plant have provided insight into the array of contributing variables, and some experience on quantifying the risk with alternative scenarios of event initiation, progress and potential mitigation. Although the first attempts to quantify the risk suggest high sensitivity to the sequence of action taken after fire alarm, and no similar storage sites really exist, some recommended preventive, corrective and other mitigating activities can be at least partly defined and improved by using the cumulative experience and parallel efforts in other closed or underground storage sites. However, there are also so-called black (or at least grey) swans: unexpected events for which the facility may be poorly prepared for. In the case of the underground storage silos, such an event was experienced when incoming cold coal during a harsh winter season froze the sewer system that normally protects the stored coal from seepage water. With blocked normal bypass, the seepage water found its way to the coal silos and created large clumps of icy coal that blocked the coal conveyors. Although freezing weather is not unusual at high-latitude power plants, the common methods to combat freezing of coal are mainly useful for open storage sites and above-ground transport. Options for mitigation are discussed, as well as the event chain leading to an event that had never previously occurred. The case is discussed from the point of view of options to prepare for rare or unforeseen events.     

The hard shadow of the Greek economy: new estimates of the size of the underground economy and its fiscal impact

This article presents new estimates of the Greek underground economy and explores the link between the underground economy and aggregate debt. We show that the Greek underground economy has been underestimated heavily and has been on a rising trend again since Greece adopted the Euro. We also present evidence that the size of the underground economy is positively related to the debt-to-GDP ratio, implying that fighting the underground economy is also conducive to financial and macroeconomic stability. Our results suggest that for our sample of 11 EMU member countries, the loss of the inflation tax as an economic policy instrument had drastic consequences. While the underground economy did not have a statistically significant impact on aggregate debt before the introduction of the Euro, it has pushed up the debt-to-GDP ratio in our sample since.     

浏阳河水下隧道经济效益分析

21世纪是地下空间的发展机遇。浏阳河水下隧道是长沙市的第一条水下通道,其建成对于拓展长沙市的交通和开发地下空间的具有标志性的意义。文章对浏阳河水下隧道的经济效益进行了分析,力求为地下空间的开发利用提供佐证。     

地下空间开发视角下的开发区土地集约利用——以皖江城市带为例

以地下空间开发为视角,用文献资料法、实证法研究了开发区土地集约利用的创新方式。从工程技术和技术经济的角度验证了开发区地下空间开发的可行性。认为开发区地下空间开发的主要障碍因素是产权归属不清、产权定价无据及缺乏规划编制;应从确权、定价、规划、融资、财税等方面着手加快促进开发区地下空间的开发。     

城市地下物流系统发展模式及相关技术要求

结合国内外地下物流系统建设研究经验,提出了城市地下物流系统发展模式以及技术要求,比较分析了不同发展模式的特点、研究现状、使用范围以及技术参数。分析表明不同发展模式对地下物流系统建设要求和使用范围影响较大,通过对城市地下物流系统发展模式的研究对我国城市地下物流建设和研究也具有一定借鉴意义。     

地下厂房在百色水利枢纽中的应用

根据百色水利枢纽坝址地质条件与升压配电设备选型比较情况,结合工程布置概况,着重分析了地下洞室主变不进洞和主变进洞2个方案,最后得出地下洞室布置的最佳方案。     

国外地下空间开发利用的经验借鉴

城市地下空间开发在缓解城市土地供需矛盾、改善交通和城市环境、增加城市功能、促进城市可持续发展等方面具有重要价值,是现代城市建设的重要内容和可持续发展的方向。系统地梳理欧美日等国家在开发利用城市地下空间的做法和经验,可以为我国科学开发利用城市地下空间提供有益借鉴。     

基于KNX总线的车库环境下的智能照明设计

本文是基于KNX总线的车库智能照明系统的设计。本设计主要采用模拟智能照明系统,所有的照明设备通过KNX介质连接一起,组成简单的模拟系统,可以进行信息交换,从而实现存在感应器、智能照明模块等设备的智能联动控制。所有的照明控制设备选用德国施耐德电气的智能照明产品,从而实现车库智能、安全、节能,可靠的系统。     

金属非金属地下矿山安全避险“六大系统”建设分析

简要介绍了金属非金属地下矿山安全生产现状及存在的问题,在此基础上,分别对监测监控、人员定位、通信联络、压风自救、供水施救和紧急避险六大系统的建设进行了分析,并结合实际案例提出了"六大系统"建设中应注意的问题及对策,对金属非金属地下矿山"六大系统"的建设具有一定的指导意义。     

地下保单泛滥的成因与对策

遏制地下保单的泛滥,关键在于铲除其存在的社会经济基础。文章运用金融经济学的基本方法分析了地下保单的供求、内地与港澳保险公司的竞争及地下保单的监管,指出提高内地保险公司的竞争力是遏制地下保单的根本方法,加强保险监管则是现阶段打击地下保单蔓延的基本方法,只有双管