Innovating Beyond the Horizon: CEO Career Horizon,Top Management Composition,and R&D Intensity

Decreasing research and development (R&D) can impair the ability of firms to remain innovative in the long run. CEOs have been accused of curtailing R&D investments as they approach expected retirement, yet received findings on R&D investment behaviors of late‐career CEOs are mixed. We argue that one reason for these inconsistent findings could be that traditional approaches overlook the fact that CEOs are not isolated agents in making R&D decisions. We build on the premise that CEOs interact with their top management team (TMT) when shaping R&D strategy and advance a contextualized view of CEO dispositions in their late career stages as being constrained or enabled by their TMT. We hypothesize that some TMT attributes (e.g., tenure and age) may amplify, whereas others (e.g., functional experience and education) may mitigate inclinations to reduce R&D. Our findings, based on a longitudinal sample of 100 US manufacturing firms from 1998 to 2008, provide nuanced insights into how different TMT characteristics influence CEO‐TMT dynamics, with TMT age and TMT tenure playing particularly pronounced roles. We discuss implications of our CEO‐TMT interface approach for theory and practice. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

重庆构建长江上游经济中心的金融生态研究

金融是现代经济的核心,近几年重庆的金融生态得到了较好的改善,但不足以加快推动重庆建立长江上游经济中心的目标.本文着重阐述了金融生态的基本内涵和重庆经济发展与金融生态的关系,指出了建立良好的金融生态是重庆构建长江上游经济中心所需投资资金的关键要素,并分析了重庆金融生态改善现状和建立良好的金融生态存在的主要问题.文章最后为建立良好的金融生态推动重庆构建长江上游经济中心提出了具体的建议.     

论长江上游地区能矿资源的合理开发利用

长江上游能矿资源开发对整个长江流域乃至全国经济的发展具有重大的战略意义和必要性。长江上游地区具有丰富的水能和矿产资源,进一步开发利用的潜力大,但目前开发利用程度较低,迫切需要积极参加长江流域和国际的经济合作,充分利用中下游提供的有利条件,促进其能矿资源的开发利用,实施能矿资源开发与环境保护相协调的可持续发展战略,充分利用加入WTO和实施西部大开发战略的机遇,大力改善投资环境,进一步吸引外资、引进技术、交流信息,为长江上游地区能矿资源的开发利用打下坚实的基础。     

Earthquake or glacier? How CEO charisma manifests in firm strategy over time

Numerous studies have focused on CEO charisma as an antecedent to firm performance, but this literature has largely overlooked the possibility that charisma manifests in more proximal strategic initiatives that (unlike performance) are largely under the CEO's control. In this study, we integrate perspectives from the upper echelons and charismatic leadership literatures to argue that CEO charisma influences year‐over‐year strategic change, the degree to which strategies deviate from industry central tendencies, and the degree of emphasis on corporate social responsibility. We also theorize that, depending on the outcome in question, the effects of charisma can become both amplified and diminished as CEO tenure advances. Employing a novel data collection approach for a sample of 113 S&P 500 CEOs, we find broad support for our theory. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Corporate social responsibility or CEO narcissism? CSR motivations and organizational performance

This study builds on insights from both upper echelons and agency perspectives to examine the effects on corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices of CEO's narcissism. Drawing on prior theory about CEO narcissism, we argue that CSR can be a response to leaders' personal needs for attention and image reinforcement and hypothesize that CEO narcissism has positive effects on levels and profile of organizational CSR; additionally, CEO narcissism will reduce the effect of CSR on performance. We find support for our ideas with a sample of Fortune 500 CEOs, operationalizing CEO narcissism with a novel media‐based measurement technique that uses third‐party ratings of CEO characteristics with validated psychometric scales. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

董事会人力资本、外部社会资本对企业创新投入的影响

基于资源依赖理论与高层梯队理论,依据2011-2016年深沪两市A股上市公司数据,考量董事会人力资本、外部社会资本对企业创新投入的影响。结果表明：董事会人力资本与企业创新投入呈正向关系,董事会外部资本对企业创新投入有一定促进作用,但董事会外部资本对董事会人力资本与企业创新投入关系的调节效应并不显著。鉴此,应优化董事会人力资本,拓展董事会外部社会资本,注重人力资本与外部社会资本的良性互动。     

CFO特征与公司价值相关性研究 —基于中国上市公司经验数据

论文主要依据“高层梯队理论”,以2010-2014年A股上市公司为研究样本,实证检验了CFO的个人能力、激励和制度三大类特征对公司价值的影响。研究表明,CFO的学历、职称、社会兼职、薪酬水平以及是否持股与公司价值显著正相关;而CFO的性别、年龄、任期及是否进入董事会则与公司价值没有显著相关性。本文认为,通过健全CFO选拔机制、建立有效的薪酬和股权激励机制、完善CFO制度,通过CFO兼职构建良好的社会网络关系,可以有效地推动CFO发挥其战略支持作用,从而提升公司价值。     

计算机控制在工业自动化控制中的应用

工业企业实现自动化,对于降低人员的劳动强度,减少企业的批量生产成本,具有重要的作用。本文首先对计算机控制系统进行概述,并对计算机控制系统的工作原理进行简介,然后以钻探工业中计算机控制系统的应用为例,探讨了计算机控制在工业自动化控制中的应用。     

Loving Diversity/Controlling Diversity: Exploring the Ambivalent Mobilization of Upper‐Middle‐Class Gentrifiers,South End,Boston

This article centers on a group of upper‐middle‐class gentrifiers living in a neighborhood in the South End of Boston, and their complex attitude towards diversity. I use data from my fieldwork in the South End, based on ethnographic observation and 77 interviews with residents active in local organizations, such as neighborhood associations. These residents explicitly stress their endorsement of diversity, in terms of class, race, but also sexual orientation, and their commitment to maintaining it. I examine the meaning they give to this principle, the actions they take in its name and the kind of relations they establish with those ‘others’ who embody such diversity. I argue that the gentrifiers' love of diversity, which cannot be reduced to sheer hypocrisy, is intrinsically linked to their capacity to control it, thus shedding light on the changing definition of social distinction in upper‐middle‐class culture.     

Solving the futures challenge - all you need is a 3LA

In this article, the author responds to a number of claims regarding the Integral Operating System, Causal Layered Analysis and the field of Futures. In particular, the author takes aim at those who claim that the reason the futures field has been lacking in influencing change towards more positive world is the result of not having an effective tool kit. To the contrary, the author suggests that the Futures community's failure at changing the existing ‘market driven paradigm’ has more to do with “… an unwillingness to get our hands dirty and to play in the same sandbox as our clients.” To that end the author targets in particular, a piece suggesting that making the Causal Layered Analysis more complex, exclusionary and ‘new and improved’ is the best way to make inroads into the economic liberalism model now in control. In counterpoint the author suggests that not only is this a flawed approach, it is unlikely to assist those with greatest need - the wider Futures Community.