基于共生理论的具有历史遗存的城市公园改造研究

具有历史遗存的城市公园是指在公园红线范围内含有一定文化价值的历史文化景点、文化遗产和文物保护单位等历史遗存的城市公园,其改造与更新的核心问题是平衡公园的保护传承与复兴发展,寻求二者的共生,如何科学有效地平衡协调两者之间的关系成为改造的关键。基于共生理论的解读与启示,以江西省南屏瀚峰文化公园为例,分别从文化、功能和空间3个方面深入分析了公园存在的主要问题,并结合实例,探讨了具有历史遗存的城市公园改造与更新的共生策略与实践措施。     

基于减缓热岛效应的公园绿地布局 优化研究

城市化进程加快导致城市热岛效应问题日益突出, 公园绿地在降温方面具有重要作用,如何通过公园绿地布局以 减缓热岛效应是当前值得思考的问题。以福州市主城区为研究 区,利用辐射传输方程和泰森多边形分析城市热岛情况及公园 绿地布局现状,采用P-中值模型结合城市用地规划确定公园 绿地布局优化方案,结果表明：1)福州市主城区的整体温度偏 高,其热岛范围达城市总面积的11.78%;2)共提取福州市主 城区公园绿地47个,总面积为11.11km2,占主城区总面积 的4.47%,公园绿地布局总体不能满足人们的需要;3)利用 P-中值模型对公园绿地供需情况进行分析,得出18个公园绿 地需要优化,其中包括福州动物园、环南公园等12个一级优化 公园绿地,以及屏山公园、琴亭湖公园等6个二级优化公园绿 地;4)结合福州市中心城区用地规划,得到50个潜在公园绿 地建设点,主要集中于城门镇、盖山镇及新店镇。     

建成环境如何影响老年人绿地使用频率 ——基于可达性和吸引力双重视角

老年人绿地使用频率与其体力活动水平和健康生活质量密切相关,且严重依赖绿地自身及周边建成环境。针对既有研究多集中于可达性分析的局限性,从可达性和吸引力双重视角出发,结合大连市老年人绿地活动调查数据,深入探究建成环境与老年人绿地使用频率的统计学关联性。研究发现：与空间临近性相比,绿地实际可达性对老年人活动的影响更为显著;不同绿地类型影响老年人的使用频率,社区公园和游园是高频体力活动的重要场所;此外,高品质的绿地环境、与居住用地相混合、临近生活性街道,以及周边多样化网点布局,均可正向调节老年人绿地使用频率。为营造老年友好型绿地,从空间配置、场所塑造、路径可达和功能诱发4个方面,提出结构化的建成环境优化策略。     

Social media-based analysis of cultural ecosystem services and heritage tourism in a coastal region of Mexico

Understanding spatial patterns of visitation and benefits accrued to different types of natural and cultural heritage tourists may have important implications for the sustainable management of their destinations. We investigate cultural services accrued to local, domestic and international visitors to the Usumacinta floodplain, a coastal region with one of the highest biological and cultural diversities in Mexico. We combine analysis of social media photographs and high-resolution land cover mapping to identify different cultural services and their association with specific ecosystem and land cover types. Hotspots for international tourists are spatially restricted to well-known and accessible sites. Locals are 2.2–2.5 times more likely than international visitors to be associated with aesthetic appreciation and birdwatching. Locals upload more photographs of coastal lagoons, mangroves, beach and sea. Results are analyzed in light of land cover changes in the region and provide valuable information to decision makers for improved tourism management and conservation strategies.     

全球视角下生态系统服务付费的国际经验与评价

将生态系统服务付费(PES)工具分为经济类和非经济类两种,根据生态服务生产者和付费者的支付意愿,进一步细分为双方自愿支付、集体自愿支付、强制双方支付、强制集体支付四种具体的PES制度,通过分类介绍PES机制在全球的各种实践案例,归纳PES机制成功推行的共同点,分析PES系统的社会和环境挑战与由此产生的生物多样性风险之间的关系。     

A new innovation paradigm: European cohesion policy and the retreat of public science in countries in Europe's scientific periphery

This article seeks to undertake a critical assessment of the changing position of public science in the entrepreneurial ecosystem of the countries on the periphery of European research. These countries are driven by new innovation paradigm based on entrepreneurship, which are implemented within the European Smart specialization strategy (S3). This article argues that S3 is widely implemented in the cohesion countries and, while it provides substantial resources for science, technology, and innovation, it fails to provide sustainability in the public research sector. This has direct implications for policies concerning innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems. In order to prove the thesis, the article provides theoretical argumentation for emergence of a new innovation paradigm, driven by the rise of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, its incorporation into S3, and a consequent retreat of science policy in favor of entrepreneurial policy. The empirical analysis is focused on the funding trends seen in the business and public research sectors over the last decade (2008–2017), which have clearly shown that S3 has not contributed, despite expectations, to an increase in public expenditure for science. This signifies S3's neglect of public research within entrepreneurial ecosystems and challenges the ability of S3 to reduce wide disparities in research and innovation performance across the European Union. This ultimately endangers the innovation potential of the entrepreneurial ecosystem itself.     

Digital sport entrepreneurial ecosystems

The entrepreneurial ecosystems literature has increasingly explored network relationships between different stakeholders, as well as the role of context. This article addresses the challenge of including a sport context in the entrepreneurial ecosystem literature thereby contributing to the sport entrepreneurship literature by bringing insights from entrepreneurship ecosystem research. In‐depth interviews of football stakeholders in the sport entrepreneurship ecosystem are conducted in terms of understanding the emergence of digital sport start‐ups. The issues raised help explore the changing nature of digital entrepreneurial ecosystems to take into account new sport technological advances. Mixed embeddedness theory is used as the conceptual foundation to understand sport digital entrepreneurial ecosystems. Key management practices are identified in terms of sport start‐ups participating in entrepreneurial ecosystems. The article concludes by making suggestions for future research.     

环境约束下中国城市土地利用效率空间差异及驱动机制 ——基于285个地级及以上城市的研究

研究目的:明确环境约束下中国城市土地利用效率空间差异及驱动机制。研究方法:基于序列DEA的SE-U-SBM模型、Dagum基尼系数、Kernel密度估计、Markov链和空间杜宾模型。研究结果:环境约束下中国城市土地利用效率整体偏低,存在空间不均衡特征且具有波动扩大趋势,空间因素对城市土地利用效率具有不可忽视的影响,与高(低)水平为邻能够提高本地城市土地利用效率向上(下)转移的概率。地市空间尺度下产业结构升级对城市土地利用效率具有显著为正的直接效应,政府财力直接效应和间接效应均为负,城市化进程和人口密度对城市土地利用效率的直接效应和间接效应均不显著。研究结论:提升中国城市土地利用效率应坚持绿色集约导向,从新型城镇化推进、产业结构升级、营商环境建设和节能减排等方面系统推进,积极发挥土地利用效率领先城市的溢出和示范作用。     

新时代中国城市土地集约利用若干问题的再认识

研究目的：基于中国城市土地集约利用研究现状,面向新时代要求,重新审视与厘清城市土地集约利用理论认知、评价标准、影响机制和优化调控等基本问题,为中国土地集约利用的理论完善和实践创新提供支撑。研究方法：理论分析法和推理演绎法。研究结果：（1）城市土地集约利用在理论认知上应由“三个阶段”转向“三个时期”;（2）城市土地利用集约度的评价标准应由静态指标转向动态耦合;（3）城市土地集约利用的影响机制研究应由封闭区域转向关联传导;（4）城市土地集约利用优化调控策略应由极限集约转向最优集约。研究结论：进入新时代,城市土地集约利用理论上可实现“不增地,多增效”甚至“地减量,效增加”,未来相关研究应重点关注存量和减量规划中建设用地与经济发展之间关系的变化特征,以及国土空间规划与土地利用计划管理改革下新的城市土地集约利用问题。国家相关规程中的集约评价标准须结合区域发展阶段进行“匹配性”修正,政策制定要考虑区域间的“关联性”和“传导性”进行精准化设计,治理方案应按照最优集约度的“动态性”进行差异化调控。     

我国城市环境地质研究现状及应注意几个问题

在分析我国城市环境地质研究现状的基础上,提出了在城市环境地质研究中,应注意将环境地质和地球化学、地球物理、"3S技术"等学科结合起来,不断吸收新方法新技术,并放宽视野,从城市化发展的趋势出发,着眼于"大城市"、城市群的环境地质研究,使城市环境地质研究真正为城市可持续发展和城市居民生活质量的提高做出更大的贡献.