小城镇建设与土地利用问题及对策——以南京市为例

小城镇建设是社会各界关注的热点,其中一个核心问题就是土地利用问题。本文分析了小城镇建设对土地集约利用的正负面影响。以南京市为例,提出了小城镇发展过程中的诸多问题,并对兼顾小城镇健康发展和土地合理利用的对策及机制进行了探讨。     

The Impacts of Technology, Trade and Outsourcing on Employment and Labor Composition

Empirical studies of skill-biased technological change are typically based on a simple production or cost function framework and limited information on technology and labor composition. In contrast, we simultaneously assess the impacts of trade, technology, and outsourcing on shifts in labor demand using a dynamic cost function framework and comprehensive measures of workforce composition and investment in technology. Our findings indicate that technological change has had the largest impact on changes in labor composition. However, the indirect impact of trade on shifts in employment augments its direct impact because trade stimulates computerization, which further exacerbates skill-biased technological change.     

Adjustment of Profits: Evidence from Australian Manufacturing

Studies of industry profitability generally deal with long-run equilibrium models, making no allowance for slow adjustment to equilibrium. In this study, a cross-sectional analysis is carried out against a sample of Australian manufacturing industries at the Australian Standard Industrial Classification (ASIC) four-digit level between 1977–78 and 1984–85. Firstly, a profit model is estimated in equilibrium form as well as allowing for both uniform and variable adjustment rates across industries. The variable adjustment model is superior, with either model implying at least half adjustment to equilibrium within the seven-year sample period. Secondly, results are examined for the impact of firm homogeneity of firms within industries. Homogeneity of firms is found to have substantial impact,increasing both the estimated profits-concentration relationship and the estimated speed of adjustment.     

Price-raising drug enforcement and property crime: a dynamic model

Price-raising drug enforcement suppresses drug use, but it is expensive and may increase property crime. This has led to contradictory recommendations concerning how drug enforcement should or should not be used. We reconcile these recommendations by incorporating the enforcement's effects on both drug use and on property crime within an optimal-control model that recognizes whether convicted drug-involved property offenders are merely incarcerated or whether they receive some form of drug treatment.     

我国货币政策的实效分析

本文运用希克斯－汉森模型作为基本分析工具,采用实证计量分析手段,对我国改革 开放以来的ＭＰＣ、ＭＰＳ及居民实物储蓄、货币储蓄和金融储蓄数据进行分析,将其纳入希克斯 －汉森模型,作出ＩＳ曲线陡峭, ＬＭ曲线平缓的现实模拟模型,由此分析得出我国近几年来货 币政策尤其是自１９９８年以来货币政策效果微弱的结论 。笔者列举了货币政策微弱的原因：没有 一个足以发挥政策的场地,资本市场非市场化,各行为人不能平等进入资本市场,从而导致利 率扭曲和贷款不真实,及Ｓ不能及时转化为Ｉ,造成严重的投资需求不足。解决的办法是：短 期内,加大投资,将Ｓ转化为Ⅰ,它将比刺激消费更有效。长期内,将资本推向市场,使货币 政策真正发挥作用。     

对中国城镇化道路的理论探讨

本文认为,中国的城镇化道路是特殊历史条件下的产物。农村劳动生产率的提高与城乡分割的户籍制度以及城市中的计划经济制度,使我们在起始条件下就偏离了城市化的正常进程,即走了城镇化的道路。尽管城镇化是我国农村发展的一次历史跨越,但它毕竟还是存在着许多弊端。城镇化只是一种过渡模式,随着市场经济体制在我国的最终确立,也利用我国现在经济结构大调整的契机,应该回复到城市化正常进程的轨道中来。     

关于城市化的理性思考

城市化是人类社会经济发展的共同趋势。中国要在未来加快城市化进程首先要正确认识城市化,城市化不是一个可有可无的过程,也不是一个人为可以随意控制的过程。加快城市化进程既是解决中国当前社会经济发展中所存在的各种问题的一个关键性问题,又是中国在２１世纪保持续稳定发展的一种重要因素。城市化是一自然经济过程,是一个经济、空间和人口相互协调的过程,是一个资源在空间优化配置的过程,它是经济城市化、空间城市化和人口     

基于遥感与GIS的区域土地利用变化的动态监测与预测研究

本文以广西苍梧县沙头、石桥两镇为例,利用航空遥感调查方法结合GIS技术,定量分析研究区域内土地利用动态变化过程,以及土地利用各类型之间的相互转化状况.运用马尔柯夫原理,建立齐次马尔柯夫链模型中的转移概率矩阵,对研究区未来土地利用演变趋势进行模拟与预测.     

Investment planning under uncertainty and flexibility: the case of a purchasable sales contract*

Investment decisions are not only characterised by irreversibility and uncertainty but also by flexibility with regard to the timing of the investment. This paper describes how stochastic simulation can be successfully integrated into a backward recursive programming approach in the context of flexible investment planning. We apply this hybrid approach to a marketing question from primary production which can be viewed as an investment problem: should grain farmers purchase sales contracts which guarantee fixed product prices over the next 10 years? The model results support the conclusion from dynamic investment theory that it is essential to take simultaneously account of uncertainty and flexibility.     

双循环新发展格局下制造业企业开放式创新研究

在国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局下,如何深化我国制造业企业创新发展是一个重要课题。基于开放式创新理论,本文建立了开放式创新系统动态模型,并以玉柴集团为案例,分析企业开放式创新在要素获取、结构协同、功能提升和环境适应四个方面的表现并发现了其创新亮点。基于此,在双循环新发展格局下提出了积极顺应动态环境,多渠道获取创新要素,模块演进、重点突破,创新为本、合理利润等制造业企业开放式动态创新的对策建议。