基于多维评价模型的农业多功能性价值评估

农业多功能性理念有助于重新全面认识农业诸多功能并为其评价提供分析框架.文章在考虑农业各项功能间相互独立但冲突关系的基础上构建多维评价模型.结合数据可获得性、评价方法与指标选取原则,应用三维评价模型对我国农业的食物生产、经济和生态功能进行定量评价.应用因子分析法对三大功能的主要影响因子进行提取;根据三大功能的价值间不同组合类型,用分层聚类法将我国农业分为九类情景模式.研究结果显示,多维评价模型能够在充分利用现有统计数据的基础上,对农业的生产、经济和生态功能进行较准确的价值评估,模型模拟结果及情景聚类基本符合我国农业发展现状.该多维评价模型具有很大的灵活性,可用于其他领域中不同尺度的多目标价值评估.     

农地城市流转规模决策模型

在综述前人研究的基础上,对农地城市流转规模的问题进行了理论探讨.在此基础上构建政府多目标条件下农地城市流转规模决策模型,并对其最优规模进行求解.最后就农地作为异质性商品时,利用特征价格模型对决策进行了探讨,研究认为:①农地城市流转决策是一种多目标决策,其效用指标的选取要注重经济因素、社会因素与生态因素的结合;②农地是一种典型的异质性商品,消费者消费农地的效用的高低往往取决于农地包含的特征种类和数量的多少.因此,决策者需要考虑其异质性;③对交错区的农地采取一味地保护,或者采取任由其不断发展的政策都是不利于经济的发展的,政府进行农地城市流转规模决策时,必须采取积极的措施协调城市化发展与区域性粮食安全之间的关系.     

中国寿险市场退保影响因素的实证分析

文章分析了影响寿险保单退保的主要因素,并利用中国寿险市场1983-2007年的退保数据,选择失业率、利率、物价指数三个变量建立了向量误差修正模型(VECM)对影响退保的"财务危机"、"利率替代"和"支付贬值"三个假说进行了实证检验,结果表明三个变量都影响退保率的变化,"支付贬值"因素的短期和长期影响最明显,"利率替代"因素的短期和长期效应也比较显著,而"财务危机"的长期效应不显著,文章最后根据分析结果提出了相应的应对措施.     

高新技术产品的反倾销规避—基于技术战略完善的反倾销规避机制

反倾销这个特殊的法律因素很大程度地"内生"于企业的内部战略,反倾销因这一内生性特点在企业层面具备了可被管理性;而且,反倾销还可能对高新技术竞争具有战略价值。因此,针对技术性产品,依托于原有的The 3rd Generation R&D思想,为企业建立一个"基于技术战略完善的反倾销规避机制"作为AD Little模型的新一"维",这既可丰富目前的技术战略模型,又能在当前的贸易环境和技术竞争形势下,使其为我国那些利用技术创新开拓国际市场的企业进行技术提升和反倾销规避更好地服务。     

Societal preferences for fertility treatment in Australia: a stated preference discrete choice experiment

Objective: To investigate preferences for fertility treatment from the Australian general population with the aims of calculating the willingness to pay in tax contribution for attributes (characteristics) that make up treatment and for an “ideal” fertility treatment program. We also assessed whether willingness-to-pay varies by the relationship status or sexual orientation of the patient.

Methods: A stated preference discrete choice experiment was administered to a panel of 801 individuals representative of the Australian general population. Seven attributes of fertility treatment under three broad categories were included: outcome, process, and cost. Attributes were identified through published literature, focus group discussions, expert knowledge, and a pilot study. A Bayesian fractional experimental design was used, and data analysis was performed using a generalized multinomial logit model. Further analyses included interaction terms and latent class modeling.

Results: Six of the seven attributes influenced the choice of a treatment program. Under process attributes, individuals preferred: continuity of care of clinic staff, where patients are seen by the same doctor but different nurses at each visit; “alternative” treatments being offered to all patients; and onsite clinic counseling and peer-support groups. Personalization and tailoring of the treatment journey were not important. Among outcome attributes, the improved success rate of having a baby per cycle and significant side-effects were considered important. Cost of treatment also influenced the choice of treatment program. Individual preferences for fertility treatment were not associated with patients’ relationship status or sexual orientation. Latent class modeling revealed sub-groups with distinct fertility treatment preferences.

Conclusion: This study provides important insights into the attributes that influence the preferences of fertility treatment in Australia. It also estimates socially-inclusive willingness-to-pay values in tax contributions for an “ideal” package of treatment. The results can inform economic evaluations of fertility treatment programs.     

A Framework for the Simultaneous Measurement of Spatial Variation and Temporal Movement in Prices in a Heterogeneous Country: The Dynamic Household Regional Product Dummy Model

This paper contributes to the growing literature on spatial prices in large heterogeneous countries. While the literatures on spatial variation and temporal movement in prices have grown in parallel, this study marks a departure by providing a unified treatment and proposing a comprehensive framework that allows both approaches. The proposed model is based on twin extensions of the household version of the “country product dummy model” by allowing for a dynamic stochastic specification and interdependence of spatial prices of geographically adjacent regions. Tests of temporal stability and regional independence of the estimated spatial prices are proposed and applied in this paper. The paper shows that the introduction of an autoregressive error process of order one, AR(1), improves the efficiency of the estimates of parameters, urban‐rural and temporal price indices under certain conditions. The Indian application points to a rich potential for using the proposed framework in cross country comparisons such as the International Comparison Program (ICP) exercises.     

Adam Smith on lotteries: an interpretation and formal restatement

The paper concerns a neglected aspect of the Wealth of Nations (with the notable exception of D. Levy 1999 Levy, D. M. 1999. “Adam Smith’s Katallactic Model of Gambling: Approbation from the Spectator.” Journal of the History of Economic Thought 21 (1): 81–91. doi:10.1017/S1053837200002868.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]), dealing directly with decision under risk. In a few pages from book I, chapter 10, Adam Smith explicitly named “lotteries” various objects of choice (possible occupations, or investment opportunities, for instance) and provided an analysis which standard expected utility glasses would hardly fit. Taking this into account allows a better understanding of the part played by typical characters like the “projector” or the “sober man”, in such matters as Smith’s conception of entrepreneurship or of the credit market. The use of some modern concepts in decision analysis (inverse stochastic dominance, rank dependent utility, prudence toward risk), is a means to show the existence, in Smith’s work, of an original theory from decision under risk, where his analysis of lotteries in the Wealth of Nations is consistent with statements from his moral philosophy on asymmetric sensitivity to gains and losses and to the regulating part played by the impartial spectator.     

智慧BIM乔木模型：从设计图纸到施工 现场

现有的BIM应用软件提供的乔木模型多为RPC或高 精度3D模型等3D CAD类型。这些模型着重于表达美感或进 行展示,无法反映根系情况。虽然可能包含一定附加属性,但 表达乔木生长和空间需求的功能有限。因而,冲突检查、工序 调度等BIM的优势功能无从应用。风景园林实践领域已就此问 题开始构建自己的模型库,但能够准确反映现状树木真实尺寸 体量,以及现状树木和规划树木未来空间需求的模型仍未广泛 出现。提出一种基于树冠、树干和根系构型与生长功能的实体/ 网面封装建模方法构建BIM乔木模型。模型形态通过一组参数 调整,并根据树龄和反映环境限制因子的值来反映其变化。所 包含的数据和参数数量随后期设计阶段所需的LoD(详细层级) 及专业实践的具体要求而增加。该模型可以与提供本地区内外 苗木商品信息的植物数据库连接使用。     

Collaboration and innovation: An empirical study of Indian technological enterprises

In 2010, the Indian government declared 2010–2020 to be the ‘Decade of Innovation’ and established the State Innovation Councils and Sectoral Innovation Councils to encourage and facilitate innovation by technological firms. In this paper, we study the relationship between collaboration and innovation in a cross‐section of Indian firms, paying particular attention to the impact of the innovation councils. Our results suggest that domestic collaborations have an important impact on firm innovation, as do the innovation councils, but that the impact of the councils is less for firms that collaborate.     

The Competitive Advantage of Collaboration – Throwing New Light on The Nordic Model

ABSTRACT

In one of the most influential contributions to modern political economy, Hall and Soskice have launched a distinction between ‘liberal’ and ‘coordinated’ market economies, placing the Nordic countries firmly in the latter category. We argue that, while the H&S distinction may serve classificatory purposes, seeing the Nordic model in terms of ‘coordinated capitalism’ blurs the distinctive features of the Nordic countries’ success as productive and fair economies. We contend that the central formula behind this success lies in what we call the Nordic model’s ambidexterity – the capacity to combine collaborative and competitive elements and skilfully navigate between them. Using an interdisciplinary perspective (inspired by organisation theory, cultural semiotics and evolutionary analysis), we provide a conceptual basis for reinterpreting the Nordic Model as an ambidextrous combination of culturally rooted, collaborative strategies that are subsequently competitively exposed. The article illustrates the workings of this ambidexterity in three societal domains: work life (including female participation), resource management – illustrated by the Norwegian petro-economy – and international business management and regulation with a focus on CSR. In each case we will show how collaboration is intertwined with pragmatic competitive exposure, yielding high productivity, high welfare, as well as fair income and wealth distribution.