人民币汇率与中美贸易关系

近年来,在人民币汇率问题上,美国不断向中国施压,要求人民币升值。最近,该问题的争论愈演愈烈。本文从此问题的背景入手,随后分析人民币汇率与对外贸易的相关理论,弄清影响人民币汇率的因素以及汇率变动的经济效应。再具体分析当前情况下,人民币升值的对中美双方的利与弊。权衡利弊后,给出政策建议。     

浅析新中国初期毛泽东对“全面协调可持续”发展的探索

＂全面协调可持续＂是科学发展观的基本要求。新中国成立初期,毛泽东提出的统筹兼顾、两条腿走路、有计划按比例发展、综合平衡、波浪式前进、人类本身的生产要与社会生产相适应和维护生态平衡等思想,集中体现了＂全面协调可持续＂的要求。     

TG328型电光分析天平示值变动性影响因素分析

针对电光分析天平出现的示值变动性,从客观环境、安装结构方面进行分析,阐述了客观环境、安装结构对示值变动性的影响以及对示值变动性影响的处理方法。     

Implications of market microstructure for realized variance measurement

Volatility measuring and estimation based on intra-day high-frequency data has grown in popularity during the last few years. A significant part of the research uses volatility and variance measures based on the sum of squared high-frequency returns. These volatility measures, introduced and mathematically justified in a series of papers by Andersen et al. [1999. (Understanding, optimizing, using and forecasting) realized volatility and correlation. Leonard N. Stern School Finance Department Working Paper Series, 99-061, New York University; 2000a. The distribution of realized exchange rate volatility. Journal of the American Statistical Association 96, no. 453: 42–55; 2000b. Exchange rate returns standardized by realized volatility are (nearly) Gaussian. Multinational Finance Journal 4, no. 3/4: 159–179; 2003. Modeling and forecasting realized volatility. NBER Working Paper Series 8160.] and Andersen et al. 2001a. Modeling and forecasting realized volatility. NBER Working Paper Series 8160., are referred to as ‘realized variance’. From the theory of quadratic variations of diffusions, it is possible to show that realized variance measures, based on sufficiently frequently sampled returns, are error-free volatility estimates. Our objective here is to examine realized variance measures, where well-documented market microstructure effects, such as return autocorrelation and volatility clustering, are included in the return generating process. Our findings are that the use of squared returns as a measure for realized variance will lead to estimation errors on sampling frequencies adopted in the literature. In the case of return autocorrelation, there will be systematic biases. Further, we establish increased standard deviation in the error between measured and real variance as sampling frequency decreases and when volatility is non-constant.     

The augmented Black–Litterman model: a ranking-free approach to factor-based portfolio construction and beyond

The Fama and French factor-ranking approach (1992, 1993, etc.) has been extensively applied in quantitative fund management. However, this approach suffers from hidden factor view, information inefficiency, etc. issues. Based on the Black–Litterman model (1992; as explained in Cheung 2010b Cheung, W. 2010b. The Black–Litterman model explained. J. Asset Mgmt., 11: 229–243. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]), we develop a technique that endogenizes the ranking process and elegantly resolves these issues. This model explicitly seeks forward-looking factor views and smoothly blends them to deliver robust allocation to securities. Our numerical experiments show this is an intuitive and practical framework for factor-based portfolio construction, and beyond. This article features: (1) a new and unified framework for strategy combination, factor mimicking and security-specific bets; (2) an elegant and ranking-free approach to factor style construction; (3) worked examples based on the FTSE EUROTOP 100 universe; (4) insight into the classic issue of confidence parameter setting; and (5) implementation guidance in an appendix.     

我国服务贸易发展战略重点、 主要任务与政策建议

服务业开放度低和贸易逆差这两大问题严重制约了我国服务贸易的可持续发展。我国应推动实施服务贸易开放平衡战略,加快服务业开放,完善服务出口促进体系,扭转服务逆差扩大趋势,提升服务贸易国际竞争力。本文从开放地区布局、开放产业时序、开放路径、防范开放风险等方面提出了服务业开放的主要任务,从服务出口主体、服务出口方式、服务出口平台、服务出口市场等方面提出了扩大服务出口的主要任务,并从体制机制、促进政策和统计监测3个方面提出了政策建议。     

Cross-border production sharing and exchange-rate sensitivity of Mexico's trade balance

Increasing patterns of international trade occur in the form of cross-border production sharing – the dispersion of separate blocks of an integrated production process across different nations. In the case of ‘standard’ or ‘ordinary’ trade, imports are destined for use in the importing country, and exports are largely produced within the country. However, with production sharing, imported parts and components are destined for inclusion in the country's exports. A depreciation of a nation's currency raises its exports. At the same time, imported components become more expensive, which partly offsets the expansionary effect of the depreciation on exports. Using a simple theoretical framework, this paper shows that production networks lower the sensitivity of a country's trade balance to changes in exchange rates. The empirical examination finds Mexico's Maquiladora trade balance to be unresponsive to changes in both, its real effective as well as its real peso-dollar rates, while that for non-Maquiladora category is significantly responsive, in confirmation with the theorized hypothesis.     

股票收益率均值回归理论及数量方法研究

随着我国股票市场日趋完善,均值回归理论在股票收益预测中的应用也日益显现。均值回归理论不仅是证券投资理论的一个历史性跨跃,亦是股票市场可预测理论的一个突破性进展。针对股票长期收益的预测问题,本文从证券投资理论的发展历程入手,对均值回归相关理论进行了梳理,评述了多种经典或前沿的数量方法,从理论和实证两个角度对股票收益率的均值回归进行了分析,找寻到了股票收益率可预测的确定性证据,并揭示了股票市场价格发现功能的实现过程,以期对均值回归理论的发展现状作出总结,旨在为其今后进一步发展提供参考。     

基于资产负债表的中国宏观政策选择研究

一国采取什么样的宏观政策和这个国家的资产负债表状况密切相关。2002至2011年中国国家资产负债表总体状况良好,政府的狭义负债率、广义负债率都低于国际警戒线。尽管中国广义负债率水平不断提高,但仍然不超过50％,这决定了未来中国宏观政策的选择是适度扩张的财政政策、中性的货币政策。其中,扩张性财政要从政府投资为主,转向以补贴和减税为主,并减持国有股份以充实社会保险基金;中性货币政策以加强对银行监管和控制风险为主,同时加快人民币国际化、扩大对外投资,控制扩张财政带来的通货膨胀。     

贸易平衡视角下海关税收政策问题研究

海关税收政策是促进对外贸易平衡的有效途径,利用时间序列分析方法,检验了进口关税、海关代征的进口增值税以及进口消费税对贸易平衡影响的显著性,发现海关代征税税负的下降能够显著改善我国对外贸易不平衡的现状。最后提出了发挥关税对个别商品和产业的调节作用、适度调整消费税税率、完善出口退税制度等促进我国对外贸易平衡的建议与对策。