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Abstract

In this study we examined the effect of specialization on behavioral choice among Wisconsin goose hunters, who were able to choose a relatively easy hunt at the Horicon Marsh or a more complex hunt in the exterior zones. Past research has shown that more specialized recreationists have differing motives, attitudes, satisfaction levels, crowding perceptions, environmental preferences, and management preferences. Our goal in this study was to extend this research to behavioral choices and to learn more about the dimensions of specialization in goose hunting. Specialization did not predict behavioral choice among the sample. Specialization, as measured by past experience, commitment, media involvement, club membership, and preferred hunting style, did not differ significantly when comparing Horicon goose hunters and exterior zone hunters. Novice hunters hunted alongside experienced hunters, and behavioral choice appeared to be more a function of structural constraint than attitu‐dinal preference. Specialization did explain differences in hunter judgments of quality, correlating negatively with shooting and bagging and positively with social and natural components of a quality experience. These findings indicate that although the specialization framework can effectively predict attitudinal differences among participants in a given activity, it is less efficient at predicting behavioral choice. Consequently, specialization researchers need to be cautious about inferring levels of specialization from observations of locational choice.     

Vertical differentiation,product innovation,and dynamic competition

This paper presents an infinite horizon dynamic model in which two firms compete in a market vertically differentiated by the qualities of their products and consumers have heterogeneous preferences for quality. Given the product qualities offered, the firms engage in price competition that segments the market. In each period each firm can spend on product innovation that if successful increases the quality of its product. Three types of Markov perfect equilibria are identified. A running–coasting equilibrium exhibits increasing quality dominance with one firm undertaking innovation and the other coasting to free ride on the innovation by the first firm. The firm that coasts can have the larger dynamic payoff, so quality dominance does not imply payoff dominance. A second is a leap‐frog equilibrium in which the trailing firm undertakes innovation to leap into the lead. The trailing firm never innovates solely to narrow the gap with the leader, so catch up strategies are never used. In the third both firms undertake innovation, but if both have innovation successes, product differentiation remains the same and profits are reduced by the cost of innovation. The rivalry between Intel and AMD in microprocessors for personal computers provides a motivating example.     

劳动力市场分割理论及其中国现实问题综述

从劳动力市场发展历史来看,劳动力市场的分割一般分为两种情形:一种是横向的劳动力市场分割,另一种是纵向的劳动力市场分割。文章针对中外学者对此的不同看法及其现实问题展开讨论,试图对劳动力市场分割理论及其在中国的问题进行小结和思考。     

网络竞争与网络产业改革

本文运用博弈分析,论证了在不触动网络垄断的情况下,网络产业的纵向结构分离或开放接入会产生内在的提高下游产品或服务价格的驱动力量,从而对近年来我国网络产业下游产品或服务的价格上涨给出了新的解释。建立有管理的竞争机制,允许绕道、开放用户选择权,是网络产业实现有效竞争并使竞争惠及最终用户的可行途径。     

产业内贸易理论演进

本文结合产业内贸易的实践与内涵,对产业内贸易理论的发展脉络进行了梳理。本文认为,传统的产业内贸易理论的研究对象是基于各国,特别是发达国家与发展中国家的要素比较优势所生产的最终产品。而随着20世纪90年代国际直接投资的深入发展,产业内贸易理论的研究对象深化为中间产品,跨国公司实现了其主导下的全球资源在各生产阶段或生产工序中的最优配置,其中中国以加工贸易的模式参与了全球竞争,中国在国际贸易中的获利发生了根本变化。     

审计师行业专长对审计重要性水平的影响——基于股权性质的调节作用研究

审计师行业专长意味着在特定领域较强的专业胜任能力,对于防范审计风险和提高审计质量都有显著影响。围绕审计师行业专长影响审计重要性水平这一主题,结合股权性质的调节作用,选取2016—2018年沪深两市A股上市公司作为研究对象,进行实证检验。结果表明,审计师行业专长对重要性水平有正向影响,如果被审计单位是国有控股上市公司,审计师行业专长与重要性水平的正相关关系更显著。这对审计机构人力资源配置、监管部门完善相关制度及监督工作具有参考价值。     

论国际贸易的公平制度与中国的基本原则

国际贸易的公平性反映在水平公平和垂直公平两个方面.不同发展水平国家在国际贸易中的地位不同,它们对公平贸易认识的外延角度不尽相同.与贸易自由化相结合的公平贸易理念的实现,依赖于公平贸易制度的成熟程度.国际贸易中的公平制度以全球贸易体制为载体主体,即使现存WTO体制蕴涵的公平贸易制度尚不足以完全保障国际贸易的公平发展,但它毕竟构成了公平贸易制度框架的雏形,如果没有WTO体制蕴涵的公平贸易制度,现实的国际贸易将会更加显失公平.WTO体制的公平贸易制度有待在各利益主体的相互博弈中逐步成熟,中国作为WTO的发展中成员,肩负着公平贸易制度建设的历史使命.     

我国各行业国际产品内贸易发展水平——基于垂直专业化指数法的测算

当前国际产品内贸易发展水平的测度主要包括联合国广义分类法(BEC)、加工贸易替代法以及垂直专业化指数法(VSS)。以VSS方法计算的结果表明,近年来,我国初级产品部门和资源密集型行业国际产品内贸易水平都呈下降趋势;高技术部门和劳动密集型行业的产品内贸易水平提升较快;服务贸易内各行业的国际垂直分工也有大幅度提升。     

美国电煤市场及其对我国的启示

为解决当前中国煤电困局问题,在分析我国煤电企业现状及存在问题的基础上,借鉴美国电煤市场有效运营机制和手段,从完善煤电企业市场运营体制、改进电煤输送状况等方面给出了建议,以促进我国煤电市场有效协调和健康可持续发展.     

探索采油企业水务管理的有效途径和方法

随着社会经济的快速发展,水资源短缺,水质恶化,人类将面临着严重的淡水资源危机。通过了解我国水资源情况,分析了油田水资源利用存在的问题,提出油田实施专业化管理的必要性和管理思路,从加强制度建设、完善基础设施、开展宣传教育等方面着手,为油田今后水务工作的开展,提出了建议,达到建设节水型油田的目的。