热负荷偏差对供暖系统影响的分析

分析了设计热负荷偏大对室内供暖系统的影响,得出设计热负荷偏大对单管系统克服垂直热力失调是有利的结论;经分析设计热负荷偏大对管网及热源的影响,得出仅靠加大室内设计热负荷达不到良好供暖的结果,相反,加大室内设计热负荷会导致个别用户供暖效果更差。     

税收分成规则变化的效应研究

纵向税收竞争理论认为,在分税制下,除非中央政府能够采取有效的矫正措施(corrective policies),否则其集中财政收入的过程可能导致实际的均衡税率过高。2001年底国务院确定的所得税分成规则对中央和地方的财政关系造成了很大的影响。本文从中央与地方收入关系和均衡税率的角度对规则变化的效应进行了分析,并指出:为使规则变化后的均衡税率尽量向帕累托有效状态靠拢,则必须尽快完善相关的财政体制以克服规则变化对地方政府造成的负外部性。     

A new innovation paradigm: European cohesion policy and the retreat of public science in countries in Europe's scientific periphery

This article seeks to undertake a critical assessment of the changing position of public science in the entrepreneurial ecosystem of the countries on the periphery of European research. These countries are driven by new innovation paradigm based on entrepreneurship, which are implemented within the European Smart specialization strategy (S3). This article argues that S3 is widely implemented in the cohesion countries and, while it provides substantial resources for science, technology, and innovation, it fails to provide sustainability in the public research sector. This has direct implications for policies concerning innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems. In order to prove the thesis, the article provides theoretical argumentation for emergence of a new innovation paradigm, driven by the rise of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, its incorporation into S3, and a consequent retreat of science policy in favor of entrepreneurial policy. The empirical analysis is focused on the funding trends seen in the business and public research sectors over the last decade (2008–2017), which have clearly shown that S3 has not contributed, despite expectations, to an increase in public expenditure for science. This signifies S3's neglect of public research within entrepreneurial ecosystems and challenges the ability of S3 to reduce wide disparities in research and innovation performance across the European Union. This ultimately endangers the innovation potential of the entrepreneurial ecosystem itself.     

生产性服务业集聚与全球价值链地位攀升

结合中国工业企业数据和城市经济数据,运用工具变量回归从专业化和多样化层面探讨中国生产性服务业集聚对制造业全球价值链地位的影响。研究发现,从整体上看,不论是专业化还是多样化,生产性服务业集聚均能够显著提升中国制造业的全球价值链地位。分样本检验显示,生产性服务业集聚对全球价值链地位的提升作用主要存在于沿海省份、资本和技术密集型行业以及中小企业。在作用机制方面,生产性服务业专业化集聚主要通过提高创新水平和推动全要素生产率促进全球价值链地位的提升,而多样化集聚则通过加快要素流动和推动全要素生产率来提升全球价值链地位。     

纵向分离能否提高企业全要素生产率?——基于电力产业"厂网分开"的研究

中国电力行业一直延续纵向分离的改革路径,继发电环节从一体化垄断结构中分离之后,2015年新一轮的电力体制改革又提出输配售电业务分离、推进电力市场化交易的目标。不同纵向结构下,电力产业链上下游企业的博弈均衡显示纵向分离改革可提高上游发电环节的竞争性,减少效率损失。进一步基于微观发电企业数据,通过双重差分及倾向得分匹配模型考察“厂网分开”这一准自然实验的效果,研究结果显示,纵向分离改革显著提升了发电企业的效率。现阶段应继续推进输配售分离改革,通过供给侧和需求侧的互动响应使上游发电环节的效率收益纵向传递,提高消费者福利。     

中国和新加坡商品贸易实证研究

自中国和新加坡建交以来,伴随着两国经济增长,双边贸易有了较大的发展。中新双边贸易强度不断增强,但指数并不高,贸易合作前景广阔。相对而言,中国的比较优势指数不如新加坡,新加坡在双边贸易中略占优势。中新双边贸易主要以产业内贸易为主,这些产业内贸易主要集中在几个少数的产品;中新的产业内贸易并不是基于水平分工的产业内贸易,而是基于垂直分工的产业内贸易。     

审计师行业专长对审计重要性水平的影响——基于股权性质的调节作用研究

审计师行业专长意味着在特定领域较强的专业胜任能力,对于防范审计风险和提高审计质量都有显著影响。围绕审计师行业专长影响审计重要性水平这一主题,结合股权性质的调节作用,选取2016—2018年沪深两市A股上市公司作为研究对象,进行实证检验。结果表明,审计师行业专长对重要性水平有正向影响,如果被审计单位是国有控股上市公司,审计师行业专长与重要性水平的正相关关系更显著。这对审计机构人力资源配置、监管部门完善相关制度及监督工作具有参考价值。     

Vertical differentiation,product innovation,and dynamic competition

This paper presents an infinite horizon dynamic model in which two firms compete in a market vertically differentiated by the qualities of their products and consumers have heterogeneous preferences for quality. Given the product qualities offered, the firms engage in price competition that segments the market. In each period each firm can spend on product innovation that if successful increases the quality of its product. Three types of Markov perfect equilibria are identified. A running–coasting equilibrium exhibits increasing quality dominance with one firm undertaking innovation and the other coasting to free ride on the innovation by the first firm. The firm that coasts can have the larger dynamic payoff, so quality dominance does not imply payoff dominance. A second is a leap‐frog equilibrium in which the trailing firm undertakes innovation to leap into the lead. The trailing firm never innovates solely to narrow the gap with the leader, so catch up strategies are never used. In the third both firms undertake innovation, but if both have innovation successes, product differentiation remains the same and profits are reduced by the cost of innovation. The rivalry between Intel and AMD in microprocessors for personal computers provides a motivating example.     

基于VS和VSS指标的中美水产品产品内贸易分析

产品内贸易将中间品作为国际贸易的主要对象,可在一定程度上避开严格的农产品贸易壁垒,已成为水产品贸易发展的新动力。通过选取投入产出法中产品内贸易额(VS)和产品内贸易比率(VSS)指标对中美水产品产品内贸易进行测算发现,中美水产品产品内贸易处于上升势头,其VSS值已接近30%,水产品贸易对美的依赖程度过高,中方贸易以初级加工中间品为主处初级阶段,美方以深度加工和精细加工中间品为主处中高级阶段,中美产品内贸易波动较大。对此,中国应采取适当强化中国比较优势,适度增加水产品中间品加工贸易比例,积极分解产品内贸易环节,逐步实现产品内贸易市场多元格局等对策。     

现代农牧业纵横一体化综合效益及创新模式  ———以北方农牧交错带为例

该文基于农牧交错带的资源特点、产业特色、地理位置特殊与生态脆弱的区域特征,分析了该区域各种农牧业一体化经营模式的综合效益,以及一体化经营模式创新。结论显示:农牧业"横向一体化"是增加农户收入较优的经营模式,农牧业"纵横一体化"是增收型、资源节约型和生态保护型的现代农牧业经营模式,现代农牧业"纵横一体化"创新型模式为:"种养业农户+合作社+公司+专业市场+产业协会"经营模式。