An End to Job Mobility on the Sales Floor: The Impact of Department Store Cost Cutting on African-American Women, 1970–2000

Abstract

Much of the literature regarding the employability of African-American women focuses on how demographic factors like single parenthood, limited social capital, and low levels of education diminish their employment options. This study engages this literature by exploring the role that institutional factors, including state action and cost-cutting strategies in the workplace, play in shaping the structure of job opportunities available to high school-educated African-American women. Focusing on department store workers in the San Francisco Bay area, this case study highlights how shifts, including the increasing contingency of employment between 1970 and 2000, have constrained African-American women's experience and progress in this low-skilled workplace.     

‘Work always wins’: client colonisation,time management and the anxieties of connected freelancers

This article focuses on ‘connected freelancers’ as a category of teleworkers and examines the pressures placed on their work‐home balance by their relationship with clients. Based on diaries, questionnaires and interviews, it reveals that, while connected freelancers do not generally work excessively long hours, they do work irregular hours. This is because ‘work always wins’ in a conflict with domestic commitments, a phenomenon the article dubs ‘client colonisation’. Client colonisation was a source of anxiety for respondents, who found themselves continually thinking about the current and future projects on which their livelihoods depend. The article illustrates the porous ways in which they interleave work with non‐work activities and contrasts traditional ‘monochronic’ forms of work with emerging ‘polychronic’ forms, which erode work‐home boundaries. It concludes that a new model of work—one in which individual patterns of control over work‐home balance are paramount—already coexists alongside traditional models but is still insufficiently socially understood and accepted.     

简析大学生网上创业模式

大学生网上创业模式是大学生应用互联网技术开展创业活动的核心，直接关系到企业未来的生存与发展，也是大学生创业过程中首先考虑的问题。大学生网上创业模式依据不同的角度存在多种类型，不同类型的模式分别决定了大学生具体开展创业活动的策略，因此研究大学生网上创业模式具有积极的现实意义。     

A Proposed Research Agenda for the Refinement of the High Performance Work System Construct in the U.S. Restaurant Industry

Abstract

The current research proposes a framework for the investigation and conceptualization of high performance work systems in the U.S. restaurant industry. The projected U.S. restaurant industry sales for 2006 are $511.1 billion according to the National Restaurant Association (National Restaurant Association, 2005). Because of its size and impact on the foodservice industry and the hospitality industry in general, improving the performance of the restaurant industry could help increase overall revenues and guest satisfaction in the foodservice and hospitality industry. By identifying a list of high performance work practices in the industry, a more in-depth exploration of these practices and then organizational policies can be aligned together to help improve overall performance in the U.S. restaurant industry. The current study provides theoretical background and support for the high performance work systems theory.     

DEFENDING THE INDEFENSIBLE? CULTURE'S ROLE IN THE PRODUCTIVE/UNPRODUCTIVE DICHOTOMY

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to reveal the justifications for different production boundaries historically. It finds that the boundaries were and are predicated on an untenable productive/unproductive dichotomy that was justified on select and shifting cultural norms. Furthermore, the production boundary informed other categories like labor, capital, income, and wealth. Hence, this article exposes the degree to which economic categories were and are unstable, fragile, contested, and culturally embedded constructs. It then explores feminist-inspired production boundaries based on third-person criterion and finds that these boundaries are likewise culturally contingent. However, these new production boundaries merely do what economics has always attempted to do, which is to theorize production under different cultural circumstances. This article reaffirms the mutually constitutive role of culture and economic categories.     

浅谈“知彼知己”军事思想在企业营销中的运用

商场如战场这样的比喻在新经济时代已经成为共识,探讨在商场运用的战术也各有千秋。《孙子兵法》是套源自战场的理论,而我们在商场上,若对其加以变通的理解,便会发现很多理论以及原则都可以借鉴。文章结合实例,对"知彼知己"的思想是如何运用到企业的市场营销中进行了阐释。     

Developing key human resources in China: an assessment of University Management Schools in Beijing,Shanghai and Tianjin in the decade 1979–88

This article focuses on differences and dynamics with respect to the organization of learning at work. It starts with a reflection on actual research perspectives on the subject of training in organizations. Four perspectives, which are currently dominant in the educational and social sciences, will be discussed: the structure-oriented approach, the system-oriented approach, the actor-oriented approach and the network approach. The network approach is a particularly promising new development in training research. We will elaborate this approach here and illustrate its potential by applying it to the analysis of training systems in two different types of organizations: bureaucratic and professional organizations. Data from recent case studies demonstrate that these types of organizations show remarkable differences with respect to the basic processes of their training systems: the shaping of training policies, the development of training programmes and the execution of training activities. In practice, training systems are much more organization-specific than training literature usually suggests. A network approach to training can provide a better understanding of the backgrounds of this organizational variety.     

新时期高校保卫工作的思考

随着社会主义市场经济的发展和高等教育体制改革的深化,高校保卫工作出现了许多新情况、新问题。如何解决这些问题,切实做好新时期的校园安全保卫工作,给师生员工提供良好的工作、学习和生活环境,是高校建设的重要工作。本文从高校保卫工作面临的任务出发,探讨了新时期高校保卫工作的途径、方法,指出维护稳定、加强治安综合治理和建立一支一流的保卫队伍是做好高校安全保卫工作的必由之路。     

Work‐to‐Family Spillover Effects of Workplace Ostracism: The Role of Work‐Home Segmentation Preferences

This study considers workplace ostracism as a source of stress and examines its spillover effects on the family. By integrating the work‐family interface model with boundary theory, we investigate the impact of workplace ostracism as perceived by employees on their family satisfaction by examining the mediating role of work‐to‐family conflict and the moderating role of work‐home segmentation preferences. The results from a three‐wave field survey of 233 employees in China indicate that workplace ostracism is negatively related to family satisfaction; this relationship is also mediated by work‐to‐family conflict. In addition, work‐home segmentation preferences attenuate the mediating effect of work‐to‐family conflict on the relationship between workplace ostracism and family satisfaction. The theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.     

浅谈新时期高校学生党建工作的创新

新形势下学生基层党建工作的创新是高校发展面临的重要课题和紧迫任务。本文在分析高校学生基层党建工作现状以及存在问题的基础上,结合高校实际,对创新学生基层党建工作的形式、方法和途径进行了探讨。