R&D policy in a vertically related industry

In this paper, we analyze the effectiveness of public policy aimed to stimulate business-performed R&D in a vertically related market. We examine the role of an R&D active upstream supplier in a four-stage R&D model, where we incorporate public funding. The considered policy instrument is direct funding of firms’ R&D efforts. We calculate the optimal policies and show that they have a positive impact on firms’ R&D investments. From a welfare point of view, it is optimal to differentiate the subsidy rates between the upstream and the downstream markets. Competition in the product market leads to a higher subsidy rate to the upstream supplier than to the downstream firms. When concentration is high in the downstream market, the optimal solution is an R&D subsidy for these firms, otherwise the optimal solution is an R&D tax for the downstream firms.     

基于层次分析法的融雪剂使用择优研究

冬季降雪经常导致城市交通拥堵,造成经济损失.融雪剂以其低成本性和高效性在融雪除冰过程中起到了重要的作用,但是残留融雪剂会对园林绿化植被、道路桥梁等造成严重的危害,不同的融雪剂在成本、性能和污染程度方面也有所差异.通过建立基于层次分析法的择优模型,可以选择出综合评价最优的融雪剂,为相关管理部门提供科学合理的决策依据.     

立法机构预算审查监督:基于俄罗斯实践的探析

作为政府施政最强有力的工具之一,新时期的政府预算在俄罗斯的重新崛起中发挥着重要的作用。通过介绍新时期俄罗斯的立法机构、预算体系以及预算过程,试图厘清俄罗斯立法机构对预算制度的审查与监督状况。     

基于层次分析法的信息系统安全评价研究

利用层次分析法(AHP)的原理与方法,提出了信息系统安全评价指标体系,建立综合分析评价模型,采用向量范数法对判断矩阵进行优化。描述了信息系统安全评价的方法和流程,计算出评价指标的综合权重。通过实例说明这一模型能对信息系统安全等级进行综合评价。     

以工作过程为导向的高职会计专业实践教学改革

随着市场经济的迅速发展,企业对会计从业人员的专业能力、社会综合能力等诸多方面提出了更高的要求。然而高职会计专业的毕业生往往是动手操作能力、应用能力较差,无法满足企业的要求,因而高职会计专业教育面临着严峻的考验。分析其原因,主要是理论教学与实践教学相脱离,实践教学的匮乏与不完善所致。为了实现培养具备综合职业能力和全面素质的高等技术应用型人才的目标,以工作过程为导向的高职会计专业实践教学改革势在必行。     

合力打造应用技术研发平台——电子专业校企合作模式探索与实践

本文在主要介绍了高职院校校企业合作的现状,阐述了电子信息类专业校企合作切入点问题,提出了一种应用技术研发平台的电子专业校企合作模式,通过此模式开展了一系列探索和实践,并取得了良好效果.文中重点分析了建立应用技术研发平台效果,从中得出初步结论.     

Solvable local and stochastic volatility models: supersymmetric methods in option pricing

In this paper we provide an extensive classification of one- and two-dimensional diffusion processes which admit an exact solution to the Kolmogorov (and hence Black–Scholes) equation (in terms of hypergeometric functions). By identifying the one-dimensional solvable processes with the class of integrable superpotentials introduced recently in supersymmetric quantum mechanics, we obtain new analytical solutions. In particular, by applying supersymmetric transformations on a known solvable diffusion process (such as the Natanzon process for which the solution is given by a hypergeometric function), we obtain a hierarchy of new solutions. These solutions are given by a sum of hypergeometric functions, generalizing the results obtained in a paper by Albanese et al. (Albanese, C., Campolieti, G., Carr, P. and Lipton, A., Black–Scholes goes hypergeometric. Risk Mag., 2001, 14, 99–103). For two-dimensional processes, more precisely stochastic volatility models, the classification is achieved for a specific class called gauge-free models including the Heston model, the 3?/?2-model and the geometric Brownian model. We then present a new exact stochastic volatility model belonging to this class.     

A closed-form solution to American options under general diffusion processes

This paper investigates American option pricing under general diffusion processes. Specifically, the underlying asset price is assumed to follow a diffusion process in which both the dividend yield and volatility are functions of time and the underlying asset price. Using the generalized homotopy analysis method, the determination of the early exercise boundary is separated from the valuation procedure of American options. Then, an exact and explicit solution for American options on a dividend-paying stock is derived as a Maclaurin series. In addition, the corresponding optimal early exercise boundary and the Greeks are obtained in closed-form solutions. A nonlinear sequence transformation, the Padé technique, is used to effectively accelerate the convergence of the partial sums of the infinite series. As the homotopy constructed in this paper is based on a generalized deformation with a shape parameter and kernel function, the error of the homotopic approximation could be reduced further for a fixed order. Numerical examples demonstrate the validity, effectiveness, and flexibility of the proposed approach.     

The affine Heston model with correlated Gaussian interest rates for pricing hybrid derivatives

In this article we define a multi-factor equity–interest rate hybrid model with non-zero correlation between the stock and interest rate. The equity part is modeled by the Heston model and we use a Gaussian multi-factor short-rate process. By construction, the model fits in the framework of affine diffusion processes, allowing fast calibration to plain vanilla options. We also provide an efficient Monte Carlo simulation scheme.     

Disentangling and quantifying market participant volatility contributions

Thanks to the access to labeled orders on the CAC 40 index future provided by Euronext, we are able to quantify market participants contributions to the volatility in the diffusive limit. To achieve this result, we leverage the branching properties of Hawkes point processes. We find that fast intermediaries (e.g. market maker type agents) have a smaller footprint on the volatility than slower, directional agents. The branching structure of Hawkes processes allows us to examine also the degree of endogeneity of each agent behavior, and we find that high-frequency traders are more endogenously driven than other types of agents.