Intellectual property rights in a quality-ladder model with persistent leadership

This paper analyzes the effects of intellectual property rights in a quality-ladder model of endogenous growth in which incumbent firms preemptively innovate in order to keep their position of leadership. Unlike in models with leapfrogging, granting forward protection, and imposing a non-obviousness requirement reduces growth. In the main case where entrants and incumbents have free access to the same R&D technology, infinite protection against imitation, granted independently of the size of the lead, maximizes growth. If entrants have to engage in costly catch up before they can undertake frontier R&D, growth is maximal for a finite (expected) length of protection against imitation.     

浅谈铁路建设项目资格预审申请文件、商务标编写方法及建议

2014年以来,铁路固定资产投资每年基本稳定在8000亿元左右,对施工企业而言,要抓住当前的有利机会,争取更多的施工任务。结合当前铁路建设项目资格预审及招标的特点,简要介绍资格预审申请文件、商务标的编写方法,提出相关建议,以期为从业人员提供借鉴。     

Liquidity risk and policy options

On the basis of a liquidity management model, liquidity risks, defined as the probability of payment failures in a real-time gross settlement (RTGS) payment system, may either stem from liquidity management inefficiencies or insufficient cash balances. I will show that penalties charged on the amount of payment failures minimise liquidity risks without interfering with the bank’s technology preferences. I will instead show that liquidity requirements, although as effective as penalties to contain the risk of liquidity shortage, may distort the bank’s technology preferences and cannot stem liquidity management inefficiencies. I will also show that liquidity risks within RTGS payment systems are potentially smaller because they depend more on the liquidity management efficiency than on the randomness of cash inflows and outflows.     

EFL写作中代词误用的认知分析

在EFL写作中出现人称代词视角转换混乱、指代不明、物主代词省略及忽略名词与代词的认知差异等现象,从认知语言学的相关理论来看,这是由于代词的使用受到认知方式的制约。教师应有的放矢地指导学生正确运用代词。     

CPA credential perceptions: a case study of Hispanic accountants

One of the recommendations of The Pathways Commission report was to increase the number of diverse entrants into the accounting profession. While the Commission’s recommendation is commendable, the lack of diversity in the accounting profession is not a new problem. Hence, the accounting profession has attempted to address the underrepresentation of minority Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) for many years. To this end, organizations such as American Institute of CPAs (AICPA), National Association of Black Accountants (NABA), Association of Latino Professionals in Finance and Accounting (ALPFA), and the Ph.D. Project have provided different types of support to alleviate the problem. However, the numbers are still disturbingly low. This is particularly true for Hispanic accountants. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine Hispanic accountants’ perception of the CPA credential. While the results indicate that gender, exam affordability, and job incentives are positively associated with the likelihood of being a CPA, the 150-hour requirement was not perceived as a hindrance for certification.     

浅谈修辞手法在英语写作中的运用

英语写作是一个学生英语综合素养的重要体现。一篇好的文章，除了追求思想深刻，内涵丰富，意境深远外，还应重视文辞。运用一定的具有英文特征的修辞手段，而且运用得好，会使语句生动从而增添语句亮点。因此，掌握一些一般常用修辞手段对于实现语句亮点也是非常必要的。善于根据表达的需要选择精妙的修辞，会使你的文章出奇出新，增色添彩。     

高职高专会展文案写作课程实施教学改革探索

会展业的发展对会展实用人才的需求越来越高,会展教育应适应行业需求培养复合应用型人才。通过对会展文案写作课程从教学理念、思路、方法等方面实施教学改革,将过去以文种类别体系为系统的课程改革为行动体系课程,有利于培养学生在会展企业的实际写作能力,提高教学效果。     

马克思主义文艺思想的现实指引——六中全会决定和胡锦涛讲话理论溯源

党的十七届六中全会关于深化文化体制改革推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣若干重大问题的决定，和胡锦涛总书记在中国文联第九次和中国作协第八次代表大会上的讲话，都从马克思主义文艺思想出发，在艺术实践规律的基础上提出并阐发了许多文艺理论的重大问题。而关于文艺家要承担历史责任、提倡文以载道、鼓励文艺原创、自觉抵制低俗之风等，都是当前深具实践意义与艺术学理意义的重大问题。如从理论与实际相结合的意义上加以深入领会，必然会有力推动社会主义文艺的大发展大繁荣的伟大战略目标的早日实现。     

Dory & Nemo Early Learning Center

The case requires students to evaluate the current situation and growth options of a small business, Dory & Nemo Early Learning Center (D&N), which provides intergenerational programming to preschool children at a retirement home. The learning center was opened in September 2014, and it was able to make a small profit each year. However, it is projected that there would be a 75 percent decrease in net income from $8,072 in Fiscal 2016 to $1,819 in Fiscal 2017. Davis and Nathans, business partners of D&N, met to discuss the following growth options: (i) Mosaic Retirement Residences' proposal to set up two learning centers at their retirement homes each year for a total of six in three years and (ii) Harmony Retirement Residences' proposal for leasing space to set up learning centers at their retirement homes, one new learning center a year for a total of three in three years. Furthermore, Davis and Nathans had decided to increase the program fee from $320 to $350 per week for the 2017–18 academic session in September. They would also like to reduce their workload from 50 to 40 hours per week, increase their vacation time from two to three weeks, and increase their salaries and bonuses. Students must consider personal objectives of business partners and mission of D&N in the analysis. They learn to identify relevant information for decision making, apply appropriate analytical tools for quantitative analysis, integrate qualitative and quantitative factors in decision making, and make recommendations consistent with analysis.     

高职校应用文写作教学存在的问题及对策

应用文写作是高职生的一项基本能力,但目前高职生的应用文写作能力普遍较差,改变这种现状,一方面要转变意识,提高对应用文写作这项基本能力重要性的认识;同时还要积极改进传统的教学方法,提高应用文写作教学的效果.