Labour use efficiency in the Indian and Pakistani commercial banks

The Indian and Pakistani banking industry is said to have an excessive use of labour due to the significant market share of government owned banks. Both countries have undertaken a process of regulatory reform to bring about market discipline in the usage of inputs and to increase the labour use efficiency and productivity. The focus of this paper is the estimation of productivity and efficiency of labour use in the banking sectors of the Indian sub-continent. The results show that the efficiency of labour use across the Indian sub-continent is improving over time and that foreign banks are more efficient compared to domestically owned banks in their usage of labour.     

Analysing Materials and Energy Flows in an Industrial District using an Enterprise Input–Output Model

Recent approaches to sustainable development leave much room for policies at a local level. In fact, it is becoming evident that targets such as increasing resource productivity, preserving natural cycles, or extending the present level of welfare, are best pursued within the confines of a local area. In particular, environmental changes are best brought about by considering local systems of firms as cornerstones of cooperative strategies and using data on materials and energy use in physical terms. In this paper, an enterprise input–output model is developed for an industrial district, i.e. a local group of firms specialized in the production of a single final output. The model allows for a detailed quantitative analysis of materials and energy flows and the consequent generation of waste and pollution. As a planning tool, the model may be used to evaluate alternative scenarios, such as the possibility of re- using waste taking account of sustainability requirements. An empirical case study applies the model to an industrial district in Southern Italy producing leather sofas.     

论毛泽东的对外开放思想

毛泽东的思想不是封闭的。早在革命战争时期，毛泽东的对外开放思想就非常明显，主要表现在引进外援方面。建国后，毛泽东的对外开放思想有所发展。本文主要从四个方面探讨毛泽东的对外开放思想。     

Global sourcing strategy and sustainable competitive advantage

Global sourcing strategy has been one of the most hotly debated management trends in the last 20 years. In its early years, global sourcing was examined mostly from “in-house” development and procurement perspectives; and in the last several years, research focus has shifted to “outsourcing” activities. Along with this shift from internal to external focus on global sourcing, many researchers and business practitioners have applied a core competency argument to justify increased levels of outsourcing activities on a global basis. Although the beneficial aspects of outsourcing are assumed in most cases, no consensus exists in reality as to the effect of outsourcing. Furthermore, the increased instability of the exchange rate environment in the last several years has also led to increased difficulties in managing globally scattered operations that were once fashionable in the 1980s-90s under the rubric of global strategy. In this article, the authors explore potential limitations and negative consequences of outsourcing strategy on a global scale.     

An institutional analysis of supply chain innovations in global marketing channels

The adoption of sophisticated supply chain innovations by trading partners in global channels of distribution is often limited by the institutional context of the international transaction. In particular, the regulatory, normative, and cultural-cognitive elements of institutional environments around the world can enhance or inhibit the ability of trading partners to craft the contractual, ownership, and social elements of institutional arrangements required by an innovation. Because supply chain innovations often require costly, new investments and activity sets, firms may be reluctant to participate in an innovation unless a new institutional arrangement can be crafted to provide adequate safeguards and guarantees. A conceptual model is developed to explain the role of institutions in the successful deployment of supply chain innovations in global marketing channels.     

政府采购制度:强化财政支出管理的必由之路

长期以来,我国财政资金使用效益不高,开支浪费大,监督机制不健全,并由此产生腐败现象,阻碍了经济的发展。建立政府采购制度是解决上述问题的重要途径,也是强化我国财政支出管理的必由之路     

多目标突变论在城市用地发展方向决策中的应用——以抚顺市为例

本文以抚顺市为例,运用多目标突变决策论解决城市规划中主城区发展方向决策的问题。报告分析了抚顺市城市现状和用地的限制因素,讨论城市用地拓展的可行性方向,建立多目标突变决策模型,通过定性和定量分析,得出抚顺主城区规划建设用地发展方向的时序。     

目前我国土地利用规划决策新趋势

土地利用规划是一项多学科、多部门、多时序的系统工程,其规划决策过程中涉及到许多半结构及非结构化问题,需要地理信息系统和决策支持系统的共同作用。本文从九个方面对我国当前土地利用规划决策支持新趋势进行了探讨。     

浅谈传统文化与艺术设计

平面设计是利用视觉图像、符号来传达意图的设计形式,由于表现方式限于于平面,只通过视觉认知传达,因此有一定的局限性,但并不是说平面设计所表达的内容会因此减少和单薄,相反,在有限的表达方式下却能传达出丰富多彩,变幻莫测的意义.如果完全背离传统艺术形式,一味模仿西方的现代艺术,惟西方现代艺术马首是瞻,简单地挪用西方现代艺术形式,将使我们的艺术丧失民族的个性.     

城镇污水处理厂污泥处置技术综述

随着我国污水处理厂的大量建成并投入运行,城市污水排放量不断增长,污水处理产生的污泥也不断增加。如果未经一定处理和处置的污泥直接进入环境,将会给环境造成二次污染,容易对生态环境和人类活动构成严重威胁。因此,如何合理地处理、处置污泥,已成为城镇污水处理厂和相关部门必须重视的问题。介绍了污泥的多种处置技术,并分析了不同处置技术的优缺点,指出土地利用在我国具有广阔的前景。