加拿大CITT实质性阻碍案例判解之分析

实质性阻碍损害标准是指倾销进口产品严重地阻碍了进口国一个相同产品新产业的建立。作为反倾销法中损害认定三种损害类型中的一种,国际反倾销协议和各国反倾销法包括发达国家如加拿大的反倾销法对其规定得都较为概括模糊,因此有必要对加拿大国际贸易法庭对有关实质性阻碍的案例解释进行分析,以明确该损害标准的适用规则。从实质性阻碍客体之认定和实质性阻碍因素之认定两个方面对实质性阻碍案例解释进行分析。     

建筑工程民工人身伤害与工伤赔偿的分析与认定

建筑业在我国属于安全事故的多发行业,在建筑工程项目中,人身伤害事故时有发生,其中大部分为民工,事故发生后,是按照民事侵权责任进行赔偿还是按照工伤事故进行赔偿在司法实务中存在争议。本文结合建筑工程项目的实际情况,对建筑工程项目中民工受到伤害,是按人身伤害赔偿还是按工伤赔偿问题做出了分析与认定。     

获得性免疫缺陷综合征并发动眼神经麻痹的临床特征

目的观察就诊于眼科的获得性免疫缺陷综合征并发单侧动眼神经麻痹的眼部表现、系统特征和治疗情况。方法回顾分析4例4眼艾滋病并发单侧动眼神经麻痹患者的眼部表现、视敏度、色觉检查、上睑下垂程度、瞳孔及眼外肌受累、复视情况;CD4+T淋巴细胞计数,给予口服高效抗逆转录病毒药物治疗联合抗病毒药物治疗,随诊观察2～6个月。结果初诊时检查,视敏度2眼为6/9,1眼为6/18,1眼为6/36;色觉检查均正常;上睑下垂3例为重度,1例为中度;瞳孔扩大固定,直径为5～7mm;水平性复视,眼球处于外转位,外转正常、不能向上、下、内转动,CD4+T淋巴细胞计数1例为200个/ul,3例介于100～200个/ul之间;经高效抗逆转录病毒药物治疗后CD4+T淋巴细胞计数上升到≥300个/ul。结论排除颅内、眶内占位,其他因素所致脑梗塞,对不明原因的单眼动眼神经麻痹患者,建议作血清人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)抗体检测,避免漏诊误诊。     

Keeping our children safe in motor vehicles: knowledge,attitudes and practice among parents in Kuwait regarding child car safety

Child safety restraints can reduce risk of death and decrease injury severity from road traffic crashes; however, knowledge about restraints and their use in Kuwait is limited. A cross-sectional, self-administered survey about child car safety was used among a convenience sample of parents of children aged 18 years or younger at five Kuwaiti university campuses. Of 552 respondents, over 44% have seated a child in the front seat and 41.5% have seated a child in their lap while driving. Few parents are aware of and fewer report using the appropriate child restraint; e.g., 36% of parents of infants recognised an infant seat and 26% reported using one. Over 70% reported wearing seat belts either “all of the time” (33%) or “most of the time” (41%). This new information about parents' knowledge and practice regarding child car seat use in Kuwait can inform interventions to prevent child occupant injury and death.     

电击伤的急救与护理

在急诊室工作,电击伤是比较常见的。本文是笔者根据近几年工作中所累积的经验,整理出的关于电击伤的急救与护理,仅供参考。     

Cost analysis of road traffic crashes in South Africa

Chaff cutter is an extensively used machine in Indian rural households to chop fodder for feeding draft and mulch to animals. A survey was conducted in five villages of Ghaziabad district of Uttar Pradesh (a northern state of India) to determine the causal factors responsible for chaff cutter injuries. It was observed that major injuries were caused during children playing with the machine and workers feeding the fodder in to the chute. Further, a survey of chaff cutter manufacturers was conducted to determine the critical dimensions of the machine so that safety interventions could be developed. Based on the survey results and mechanism of injuries, three safety interventions were developed to prevent the injuries. These interventions can be retrofitted on old machines and can be incorporated in new machines as well. Experiments were conducted using different fodder crops to observe difficulty in chaff cutting with the safety interventions. It was observed that incorporation of the interventions had no effect on performance of chaff cutting operation. These were retrofitted on existing machines at different locations and the response was very positive.     

Vehicle head restraint positioning knowledge and behaviours in a sample of Irish drivers

A correctly positioned vehicle head restraint (HR) can reduce whiplash injury risk in collisions, however, HRs are often sub-optimally positioned. The primary aim of this study was to investigate vehicle HR position and driver knowledge of correct HR positioning in an Irish population. Secondary aims were to investigate the associations with driver age, gender and vehicle age. Data collection involved HR measurement and a driver questionnaire (n = 110). Just 27% of drivers had optimal HR positioning, while 30% had poor or marginal positioning. Newer vehicles (<5 years old) had better positioned HR in the horizontal plane (p = 0.036), than older vehicles. Younger drivers (<30 years) were more likely to have poorer positioning of HR (p = 0.002), than the 30 years or over group. Females were more likely to have better vertical positioning of their HR (p = 0.003) than males. Driver knowledge of correct position was variable, and not associated with actual HR position, with 65% knowing the correct vertical positioning standard but only 27% identifying the correct horizontal position. Many drivers have inadequately positioned HR, which needs to be addressed by improved vehicle design and public education.     

A machine-learning method for improving crash injury severity analysis: a case study of work zone crashes in Cairo,Egypt

Abstract

The quality of vehicular collision data is crucial for studying the relationship between injury severity and collision factors. Misclassified injury severity data in the crash dataset, however, may cause inaccurate parameter estimates and consequently lead to biased conclusions and poorly designed countermeasures. This is particularly true for imbalanced data where the number of samples in one class far outnumber the other. To improve the classification performance of the injury severity, the paper presents a robust noise filtering technique to deal with the mislabels in the imbalanced crash dataset using the advanced machine learning algorithms. We examine the state-of-the-art filtering algorithms, including Iterative Noise Filtering based on the Fusion of Classifiers (INFFC), Iterative Partitioning Filter (IPF), and Saturation Filter (SatF). In the case study of Cairo (Egypt), the empirical results show that: (1) the mislabels in crash data significantly influence the injury severity predictions, and (2) the proposed M-IPF filter outperforms its counterparts in terms of the effectiveness and efficiency in eliminating the mislabels in crash data. The test results demonstrate the efficacy of the M-IPF in handling the data noise and mitigating the impacts thereof.