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1.
Protecting human health is a primary goal of environmental policy and economic evaluation of health can help policy-makers judge the relative worth of alternative actions. Economists use two distinct approaches in normatively evaluating health. Whereas environmental economists use benefit-cost analysis supported by monetary valuation in terms of willingness-to-pay, health economists evaluate interventions based on cost-effectiveness or cost-utility analysis (CEA), using quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) or similar indexes. This paper provides background on the controversy about the relative merits of these approaches and introduces the remaining papers in the special issue. These papers (with one exception) were presented at a conference sponsored by the Department of Economics at the University of Central Florida with support from the US Environmental Protection Agency. Although CEA might not lead to substantially different implications for environmental policy than benefit-cost analysis, and QALY may provide a benefit transfer tool to fill gaps in the morbidity valuation literature, the papers in this issue raise serious concerns about the suitability of QALY-based CEA for environmental regulatory analysis. QALY does not in general appropriately represent individual preferences for health and CEA is neither independent of income distribution nor adequate to assess efficiency. 相似文献
2.
In this paper I analyze the impact of regulatory policy on prices and demand for mobile telecommunications services across the European Union. I estimate a reduced form model of the mobile industry using panel data for the EU countries from 1998 to 2002. Among others, I find the following effects: liberalization of fixed telephone lines has a negative impact on prices and a positive impact on the demand for mobile services, and the introduction of mobile number portability has a negative impact on prices.*I am grateful to Toker Doganoglu, Gerd Hansen, Eric Kodjo Ralph, Guido Friebel, participants at the 30th EARIE Conference 2003, the 2nd International Industrial Organization Conference 2004 and the 19th Annual Congress of the EEA 2004, and anonymous referees for valuable comments. I would like to acknowledge the generous financial support from the Volkswagen Stiftung and the Munich Graduate School of Economics which made this research possible. All errors are mine.1 Source: European Commission (1994). 相似文献
3.
We examine the effects of public ownership and regulatory agency independence on regulatory outcomes in EU telecommunications.
Specifically, we study regulated interconnect rates paid by entrants to incumbents. We find that public ownership of the incumbent
positively affects these interconnect rates, and suggest that governments influence regulatory outcomes in favor of incumbents
in which they are substantially invested. However, we also find that the presence of institutional features enhancing regulatory
independence from the government mitigates this effect. In order to study regulatory independence, we introduce a new cross-country
time-series database—the European Union Regulatory Institutions (EURI) Database. This database describes the development of
institutions bearing on regulatory independence and quality in telecommunications in the 15 founding EU member states from
1997 to 2003
*We thank Laurent Pipitone for superb research assistance. Geoff Edwards thanks the Sasakawa Foundation and the Institute
of Management, Innovation and Organization at the Haas School of Business for generous financial assistance, and London Business
School for non-financial support. Leonard Waverman thanks the Global Communications Consortium for support 相似文献
4.
Jo Ann Brown Neal P. Mero Robert K. Robinson 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》2003,15(1):11-21
This article examines the Supreme Court's ruling in Ragsdale v. Wolverine Worldwide, Inc. (2002) and considers its implications for employer and employee rights and responsibilities relative to implementing the FMLA policies. We provide an overview of the pre-decision regulatory environment including the general leave provisions of the FMLA and DOL's regulations requiring employer notification of leave designated as FMLA leave. We also identify those provisions that the decision did not alter and provide a broader consideration of the issues and implication of this decision for employers and employees. 相似文献
5.
国际银行业监管标准嬗变途径分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
国际银行业监管标准从旧协议向新资本协议嬗变途径中有两个交叉方向的变化——监管性的资本与经济性的资本、基于规则的监管与面向过程的监管。虽然新协议中保留了一些监管性和规则性的资本监管因素,就象在旧协议中也吸收了经济性和过程性方法的要素一样,但是新协议中监管方式的转变仍然是实质性的和很重要的,并且是同时发生在两方面的转变。 相似文献
6.
监管制度变迁对深圳证券市场效率的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文回顾了十多年来我国证券市场监管制度的变化,运用统计分析和混沌理论来分析市场监管制度对深圳股票市场市场效率的影响.本文认为,深圳股票市场在经历了十年多的发展后市场效率在宏观上有所提高.对重大监管政策出台前后市场变动情况的统计分析表明,大量监管政策的出台在微观层面也有一定的改进. 相似文献
7.
构建与金融业全面开放相适应的金融监管体制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国的金融监管体制近20年来几经制度变迁和改革调整,已形成了人民银行、银监会、证监会、保监会(一行三会)的架构,但在实际运行中出现了不少矛盾,如何从我国金融业即将全面开放的要求和特点出发,特别是适应金融综合经营时代的到来,有必要对宏观金融监管体制进行改革。 相似文献
8.
在我国企业年金制度启动后,为防范企业年金基金管理风险,必须建立一套行之有效的监管体系和监管方法。本文提出建立我国基于风险控制的企业年金监管体系,该体系是基于风险的金融监管理论在企业年金领域的应用和实践。建立基于风险的企业年金监管体系主要包括4个方面的内容:即确定企业年金的监管架构及适合我国国情的监管模式;建立统一的风险监管平台,开发统一的企业年金风险监管系统,统一企业年金监管风险管理工具和风险指标,形成支持协同监管的技术系统平台;完善规章制度体系,凄定监管基础;切实严格执行管理机构的准入制度,形成优胜劣汰良好机制。 相似文献
9.
This article examines two effects of the passage of the REIT Modernization Act (RMA) of 1999: its impacts on REIT shareholder wealth and changes in REIT systematic risk in the period following its passage. The results indicate a modest positive wealth effect associated with the legislative events leading to its enactment. Our estimates of the wealth gain probably underestimate the true wealth gain because of the partially anticipated nature of the legislative process. We also document a significant decline in the systematic risk of REITs subsequent to the passage of the RMA. The evidence suggests that this decline is not attributable to a provision of the RMA that allows REITs to establish taxable subsidiaries. 相似文献
10.
中国电力产业规制效果的实证研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
本文利用1978--2005年相关数据对中国电力规制效果进行了全面的实证检验。计量结果表明,改革开放以来,明确的规制框架、独立规制机构和不断成熟的规制对象在统计意义上显著地提高了电力产业总量和效率,降低了价格水平和垄断利润.但在改善服务质量方面尚未发挥有效作用。总体看,中国电力产业规制效果是明显的.良好的规制设计不仅在理论上有利于电力产业提高绩效,在实践中也是电力产业绩效改善的推动力。 相似文献