Tourism as an alternative source of regional growth in Portugal: a panel data analysis at NUTS II and III levels

The role of tourism is of vital economic importance, particularly for small countries with a privileged geographical location and favourable weather conditions. This paper examines the importance of tourism as a conditioning factor for higher regional growth in Portugal by employing the conditional convergence hypothesis of Barro and Sala-i-Martin, associated with the endogenous growth theory. The panel data estimation approach provides evidence of the positive impact of tourism (through the accommodation capacity) on the growth in per-capita income among the Portuguese regions, increasing the rate of convergence. Therefore, tourism can be considered as an alternative source for stimulating higher regional growth in Portugal, if the supply characteristics of this sector are improved.     

Generalized piecewise linear histograms

We extend the concept of piecewise linear histogram introduced recently by Beirlant, Berlinet and Györfi. The disadvantage of that histogram is that in many models it takes on negative values with probability close to 1. We show that for a wide set of models, the extended class of estimates contains a bona fide density with probability tending to 1 as the sample size n increases to infinity. The mean integrated absolute error in the extended class of estimators decreases with the same rate n^–2/5 as in the original narrower class.     

The adequacy of asymptotic approximations in the near-integrated autoregressive model with dependent errors

We consider the normalized least squares estimator of the parameter in a nearly integrated first-order autoregressive model with dependent errors. In a first step we consider its asymptotic distribution as well as asymptotic expansion up to order O_p(T⁻¹). We derive a limiting moment generating function which enables us to calculate various distributional quantities by numerical integration. A simulation study is performed to assess the adequacy of the asymptotic distribution when the errors are correlated. We focus our attention on two leading cases: MA(1) errors and AR(1) errors. The asymptotic approximations are shown to be inadequate as the MA root gets close to −1 and as the AR root approaches either −1 or 1. Our theoretical analysis helps to explain and understand the simulation results of Schwert (1989) and DeJong, Nankervis, Savin, and Whiteman (1992) concerning the size and power of Phillips and Perron's (1988) unit root test. A companion paper, Nabeya and Perron (1994), presents alternative asymptotic frameworks in the cases where the usual asymptotic distribution fails to provide an adequate approximation to the finite-sample distribution.     

基于六西格玛流程改进的库存管理优化

库存管理是企业用来控制实际库存问题的方法，主要帮助企业经营者确定何时补充订货、补充订货多少以及安全库存等问题。现有的库存控制研究往往只关注数学建模阶段的精确性，而对库存波动根源认识不足，导致数学模型越来越复杂、完善，但库存仍然居高不下、难以控制。本文针对该问题，提出了在库存管理中糅合六西格玛管理理念的思想，通过六西格玛方法揭示库存积压的根源，从源头着手，进行流程改进，从而达到库存优化、提高客户满意度的目的。文章通过实际案例证实了基于六西格玛理念的库存优化管理的有效性。     

试论6σ管理在物流企业的实施

建立和强化以顾客为中心的服务质量意识是入世后国内物流企业参与国际竞争的前提和基础。6σ（西格玛）质量管理在提高物流企业的服务水平、降低企业成本、提升企业核心竞争力等方面具有重要作用。本文分析探讨了6σ管理在物流企业的实施方法与途径。     

An improved empirical Bayes test for positive exponential families

We exhibit an empirical Bayes test δ^* _n for a decision problem using a linear error loss in a class of positive exponential families. This empirical Bayes test δ^* _n possesses the asymptotic optimality, and its associated regret converges to zero with rate n ⁻¹(ln n )⁶ This rate of convergence improves the previous results in the literature in the sense that a faster rate of convergence is achieved under much weaker conditions. Examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the empirical Bayes test δ^* _n     

从会计要素看我国会计准则的国际趋同

2006年新颁企业会计准则,体现了我国会计准则国际趋同的特点.会计要素是会计体系的核心内容, 通过我国会计新旧会计准则的比较以及国内外会计准则的比较,主要从会计要素的分类、定义以及确认三大方面揭示了我国会计准则的国际趋同.     

Energy taxation in Southern Europe: The case of Portugal

We investigate whether or not the imposition of a common EC energy-tax will penalize more the poorer Southern European economies and if this will harm convergence at the EC level. We start by surveying briefly the existing studies and empirical evidence. Then we exploit the results obtained when using the macroeconometric HERMES models to simulate the introduction of an energy-tax. Unfortunately, as we only have HERMES results for one Southern European economy, Portugal, our conclusions are limited. Finally, we investigate convergence in Europe and the effects of energy taxation on convergence. We conclude that energy taxation will harm growth all over the EC, penalizing more one of the less developed countries, Portugal, and having most probably adverse effects on convergence.This paper was prepared for presentation at the Conference Energy Tax in Europe organized jointly by the SEO-University of Amsterdam and the DG XII of the CEC and held in Amsterdam on 13th December 1991. I would like to thank the participants in the Conference and two anonymous referees for helpful comments. Of course, the usual disclaimer applies.     

The convergence of least squares learning in stochastic temporary equilibrium models

Summary. This paper provides conditions for the almost sure convergence of the least squares learning rule in a stochastic temporary equilibrium model, where regressions are performed on the past values of the endogenous state variable. In contrast to earlier studies, (Evans and Honkapohja, 1998; Marcent and Sargent, 1989), which were local analyses, the dynamics are studied from a global viewpoint, which allows one to obtain an almost sure convergence result without employing projection facilities. Received: April 7, 2001; revised version: September 5, 2001     

我国地区经济增长收敛的动态变化:1978—2017年

改革开放40年来，我国地区经济增长收敛现象较为明显。地区人均GDP增长不仅持续上升，而且水平差距也在不断缩小，存在条件收敛现象，并且东部和沿海地区经济增长的"俱乐部收敛"现象显著。进入20世纪90年代后，增长收敛趋势愈发突出，2008年国际金融危机也未影响增长收敛的发展态势。未来要继续坚持改革开放，补上各地制度和要素的短板，积极培育和发展有利于地区人均GDP增长收敛现象产生的一系列基础性因素，以实现区域更加协调发展。