省直管县改革与区域空气污染——来自卫星反演数据的实证证据

从政府治理结构改革的角度探讨如何推进环境污染治理是一种有益的尝试。从理论上来说,省直管县改革作为一种重要的政府治理结构改革,能够通过简化政府治理级次来改变政府治理效率,影响诸如环保等公共产品和服务的供给。本文采用卫星反演的PM2.5数据检验了省直管县改革前后县级区域空气污染的变动趋势。发现“财政省直管县”改革能显著降低地区空气污染水平,“强县扩权”改革则显著加剧了地区空气污染。稳健性检验、进一步的分析结果均支持上述结论。机制检验发现,“财政省直管县”主要体现为财力保障水平提升导致的治理变化,而“强县扩权”则主要体现为地方政府竞争行为改变导致的空气污染治理变化。总之,单纯的政府级次减少可能并不必然利于地方公共服务的提供,良好的财力保障为地方污染治理服务提供了支撑,竞争行为变化带来的改革效应则会受到政府对环境污染重视程度的显著影响。     

The socio-economic determinants of COVID-19: A spatial analysis of German county level data

The study explores the association of socioeconomic, demographic, and health-related variables at the regional level with COVID-19 related cases and deaths in Germany during the so-called first wave through mid-June 2020. Multivariate spatial models include the 401 counties in Germany to account for regional interrelations and possible spillover effects. The case and death numbers are, for example, significantly positively associated with early cases from the beginning of the epidemic, the average age, the population density and the share of people employed in elderly care. By contrast, they are significantly negatively associated with the share of schoolchildren and children in day care as well as physician density. In addition, significant spillover effects on the case numbers of neighbouring regions were identified for certain variables, with a different sign than the overall effects, giving rise to further future analyses of the regional mechanisms of action of COVID-19 infection. The results complement the knowledge about COVID-19 infection beyond the clinical risk factors discussed so far by a socio-economic perspective at the ecological level.     

The effect of social capital on post-earthquake reconstruction (programmes) in Nantou County,Taiwan: an assessment

The study aims, through an examination of social capital on post-earthquake reconstruction programmes, to assess the impact of government's programmes on integrated community development and to draw policy implications. To this end, the study explores the programmes implemented by the government in the communities of Nantou County after the earthquake. The findings show that of the three measurements, ‘infrastructure improvement’ satisfied most respondents in the three survey areas, but in Lugu Township and in Nantou City, further improvements are needed in ‘unemployment reduction’ and ‘respondents betterment’.     

基于产业发展背景下的农村就业现状调查——以新疆伊宁县为例

产业集聚和农村就业是产业发展和人口集聚的双载体,是加快工业化、城乡一体化最基础、最核心的环节,是经济快速发展的新的增长极。在产业集聚的成长和发展过程中,集聚企业会有大量用工需求,这不仅给城镇人口提供了就业机会,加快了城镇化的步伐,同时也吸纳了大量农村人口,促进了农村劳动力有效转移。通过实际调研,在产业发展的背景下,分析伊宁县农村劳动力转移的现状及特点,并对该县农村劳动力转移的经验和做法进行了研究,使其能为其他县域农村劳动力转移提供借鉴。     

基于生态足迹模型的可持续性度量研究--以吉林省大安市为例

针对吉林省大安市发展现状和存在的严重生态环境问题,运用生态足迹模型,采用多源数据,首次对大安市生态环境的可持续发展状况进行了定量研究;在此基础上,运用相对指标法对可持续发展的量化结果进行分级。研究表明,2001年大安市的生态需求大于生态供给,生态呈现“供不应求”的局面,人均生态赤字为0.56hm2,处于弱不可持续发展状态。     

培育优势产业集群 壮大县域经济实力

当前,县域竞争更趋激烈,而产业集群在县域经济发展中具有不可替代的地位和作用,它不仅有利于提升县域经济竞争力,而且更能促进县域经济发展,因此各级党委政府高度重视并加快培育具有地方特色和竞争能力的产业集群。     

诚实信用原则在县级政府的适用

作为建立和维护基层社会信用体系的主要承担者的县级政府,其自身的信用是建立社会信用体系的关键.如何适用诚实信用原则是作为我国法律与政策的基层执行机关--县级政府自身的信用建设的重要方式也是构建和谐社会,创新行政管理方式的重要内容.     

重新定位县级政府职能促进县域经济发展

县域经济是一种行政区经济,要大力发展县域经济,必须对县级政府在区域经济发展中的职能定位进行重新认识。     

改革开放后东北地区县域经济的新特点

改革开放以来,东北地区县域经济的特点发生了深刻变化,农业型县域在社会经济体系内的影响力逐渐下降。随着资源的大量开采,林业型县域和矿业型县域都面临着资源枯竭、财政困难的现实,而加工型、旅游型、商贸型、口岸型县域异军突起,成为东北地区县域经济发展的方向。