旅行社开发体育观战旅游市场研究

体育观战旅游市场是一个新兴的、极具开发潜力的旅游市场,这对于我国旅行社业来说是一个新的商机.分析了体育观战旅游市场的含义和特点,指出了我国旅行社在开发体育观战旅游市场时所面临的障碍,并提出了相应的开发策略.     

Home country institutional impediments and international expansion of developing country SMEs

Though institutional contexts are critical drivers of firms’ international expansion, very limited research efforts have focused on how and when these factors facilitate developing country firms’ outward market activities. This study derives insights from the institution-based view and activity theory to test how perceived environmental uncertainty mediates the link between institutional impediments and international expansion. Using data from small and medium-sized firms from Ghana (N = 222) and Ethiopia (N = 203), the findings suggest that high levels of perceived regulatory and cognitive impediments amplify the mediation effect of perceived environmental uncertainty on the degree of SME’s international expansion. Additionally, the findings suggest that, when political connections are well-developed and deployed, the potency of perceived environmental uncertainty as a driver of international expansion is attenuated. Moreover, the study finds that varying levels of home-country industry competition moderate the relationship between perceived environmental uncertainty and the degree of international expansion. Implications relating to theory and practice are discussed.     

Pre-assigned rents and bureaucratic friction

In this paper we study the endogenous determination of bureaucratic friction in a bureaucratic contest with () and without (n = 1) rent contestability. When n= 1 bureaucratic impediments induce the individual to undertake rent-securing activities at the same level as in the two-player rent-seeking contest. However, under rent contestability the bureaucracy no longer serves as a means of extracting resources from the public. The paper concludes with the study of the effect of ‘net costs’ on bureaucratic friction. It turns out that under cotestability the only reason for creating bureaucratic friction is the ‘negative costs’ it incurs while when n = 1 the effect of the bureaucrat's net costs of generating bureaucratic friction on the optimal degree of such friction is ambiguous. Received: October 30, 2000 / Accepted: December 28, 2001 RID="*" ID="*" The authors are grateful to two anonymous referees for their valuable comments     

The transition from linear economy to circular economy for sustainability among SMEs: A study on prospects,impediments, and prerequisites

The circular economy (CE) is a more holistic approach that advocates towards extracting the value from the waste and reaching sustainability goals. The objective of the present study is to highlight the prospects, impediments, and prerequisites while transiting from the linear economy (LE) to CE of SMEs. The study gathers information on prospects, impediments, and prerequisites for the transition of LE to a CE from recent studies . A semi-structured interview questionnaire was prepared, and a survey was conducted on representatives of six SMEs . Further, six caselets were developed to understand the prospects, impediments, and prerequisites based on the findings of the interview and previous information gained from existing literature . The major prospects favoring transition from LE to CE found in the study are significance of 3R (reduce and reuse and recycling) approach, CE leads to competitive advantage, recycling attracts consumers in few cases, CE helps in achieving sustainability goals and reuse of materials are significant in resource conservation. There are certain impediments found such as issues associated with awareness, recyclability issues, financial challenges, and weak management vision of SMEs towards CE implementation. Other resource-based impediments were found related to trained employees, lack of experience. Whereas, consumer acceptability is also a major concern towards implementing CE. The findings of the study suggest major prerequisites towards CE implementations such as strong “management will,” innovation, technology up-gradation, training to employees, motivation, and appropriate guidelines. Government pressure to implement CE cannot be an effective step towards the transition of LE to CE.     

Why don't we see more action? A metasynthesis of the investor impediments to integrate environmental,social, and governance factors

Investors increasingly commit to consider environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors in their investment decisions. However, the challenges of investors for a holistic integration of ESG factors in their investment decisions are manifold and endanger reaching urgent societal goals. The paper uses metasynthesis to develop a comprehensive understanding of these impediments from a diverse set of papers. Supported by textual analysis, it identifies 161 different topics, which are subsumed within groups and aggregated along a four‐pillar framework of market‐, firm‐, regulatory‐, and individual‐based impediments. The most prominent impediments are found in the areas of a perceived lack of a business case, the quality of data, the absence of clear standards and definitions, and various behavioral biases. Moreover, a considerable research–practice gap in framing the relevant research questions that contribute to the slow‐moving integration process is discovered. Focusing additionally on potential blind spots on the investor and research sides will prove to be important for swifter ESG integration.     

Revisiting the Business Environment at the Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP)—From Theoretical Considerations to Practical Realities

ABSTRACT

The area of constraints that firms face when conducting business in difficult environments, such as the bottom of the pyramid (BOP), has been subject to scrutiny in international business. While there has been a general discussion of constraints that firms face in doing business at the BOP, there has been limited effort to constantly revisit these issues in view of the dynamic environment that makes up the BOP. The author critically reexamines the impediments that firms face operating at the BOP with the view of identifying coping strategies used to mitigate the impact of these impediments within a BOP context and their practical, social, and policy implications. Previous studies focus on constraints at the expense of coping strategies and implications. This Zimbabwean study provides a contrasting perspective. Key findings include the identification of changing nature of impediments that are embedded in the BOP context and dynamic coping strategies used by firms to minimize the negative impact of these impediments. The author provides practical, social, and policy implications that can be used to expand insights into the importance of understanding the changing nature of impediments faced by firms at the BOP and the subsequent coping strategies used.     

Mobile Shoppers: Types,Drivers, and Impediments

The technology adoption of mobile commerce has frequently been studied by considering the extended technology acceptance model (TAM). However, the role of the perceived drivers and impediments affecting potential mobile shoppers' acceptance has been scarcely analyzed. This article highlights: (1) the typology of potential m-shoppers described by their reasons for, and perceived impediments to, mobile shopping and (2) the possible differences in the extended TAM in the resulting categories. In order to do so, we advance a single hypothesis about moderation of the m-shopper type on the relationships presented in the extended TAM. The study was conducted in Spain, a country with significant current and forecasted use of mobile shopping. Data from 476 Spanish mobile phone users were analyzed. The use of latent class cluster allowed us to identify three types of mobile shoppers that show different profiles based on their perception about drivers and impediments. Differences in the extended TAM relations across the clusters were identified using the multigroup approach of structural equation models. The results show support for the moderation effect, providing valuable information for practitioners to understand how consumers develop mobile shopping intentions, which is necessary to implement effective marketing strategies.