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51.
The development of the methods of correlation and regression analysis at the turn of the 20th century led to their use in attempting to identify relationships between economic variables. However, caution was soon expressed that correlating series with ‘secular’ trends was likely to be misleading. After some discussion of methods, linear detrending by least‐squares estimation became the default method. By the 1920s, however, some voices of dissent expressed the view that linear detrending was likely to be inappropriate in some, even many, cases. This led to a number of innovative methodological developments, including rolling window estimation, moving integration, non‐linear trends, structural breaks, sigmoid‐type smooth adjustment functions, the beginnings of stochastic trend modelling and the construction of ‘smoothers’ and filters. Although generally failing to have an impact at the time, all substantially predate their current use in econometrics. This paper establishes precedence for these ideas and recreates some of the empirical examples and early simulations. 相似文献
52.
非关税措施量化公式评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ZHU Zhong-di 《国际商务-(对外经济贸易大学学报)》2008,(2)
与直接可以用税率高低来度量其保护程度的关税不一样,非关税措施是一种隐蔽的难以直接度量其保护作用的贸易保护主义手段。本文评价了近年来国外普遍采用的非关税措施保护作用的量化方法,包括频度——类型测算法、价格对比测算法、支持率测算法的设计思路和运用状况,以便为不时发生的贸易争端和贸易谈判提供可以用来判断进口国非关税措施保护程度的分析工具。 相似文献
53.
AHSAN HABIB 《Abacus》2012,48(2):214-248
Auditing as a corporate governance mechanism has attracted considerable research attention. Because of the information asymmetry between corporate managers and outside shareholders, auditors are hired to provide independent assurance that financial statements are prepared following generally accepted accounting principles. The credibility of such assurance depends on the independence, both in fact and in appearance, of the auditor. Over the years, however, the independence of auditors has come under increased scrutiny because of their joint provision of both audit and non‐audit services. A sizable literature on the impact of non‐audit fees on financial reporting quality has developed. The evidence from this literature, however, remains inconclusive. This paper provides a meta‐analysis of the available literature by assessing (a) the net effect of non‐audit fees on financial reporting quality, and (b) whether there is homogeneity in the financial reporting quality proxies used in the extant literature. Findings suggest that the level of client‐specific non‐audit fees is associated with reduced financial reporting quality. However, the underlying studies used to conduct this meta‐analysis are not homogenous. 相似文献
54.
Using survey data we examine the relationship between various categories of non‐audit services and audit fees. Compared to previous research, we use a more refined classification of non‐audit services both for incumbent and non‐incumbent auditors, and control for the existence of an internal audit function and basis of disclosure. Our results suggest that the relationship between levels of audit fees and non‐audit services varies by category of non‐audit service. These results support explanations of the positive association between fees paid for non‐audit services and audit fees in terms either of client specific differences, e.g. organisational complexity, or of events giving rise to the purchase of more audit and non‐audit services rather than in terms of direct economic linkages between the cost functions for audit and non‐audit services. We speculate that the presence of another auditing firm at the client in a consulting capacity may exert competitive pressure on the fee for external audit. 相似文献
55.
Chris Cornforth 《Corporate Governance: An International Review》2001,9(3):217-227
Based on a survey of charity boards in England and Wales this paper examines what influence board inputs, structures and processes have on board effectiveness. The findings provide mixed support for the normative literature on board effectiveness. Using stepwise logistic regression the research suggests that board inputs and three process variables are important in explaining board effectiveness, namely: board members have the time, skills and experience to do the job; clear board roles and responsibilities; the board and management share a common vision of how to achieve their goals; and the board and management periodically review how they work together. 相似文献
56.
以2010－2015年新能源汽车行业上市公司面板数据为样本,区分政府补助方式,实证分析政府研发补助和非研发补助对企业绩效的影响。研究表明：政府研发补助对企业创新绩效有显著正向影响;政府非研发补助对企业经营绩效有显著正相关作用,且随着企业经营绩效提升,政府非研发补助对企业研发投入起到间接正向作用;企业研发投入在政府补助与企业创新绩效中存在部分中介效应。根据企业成长性对样本进行分组,进一步发现政府研发补助对高成长性企业创新绩效具有显著促进作用,而对低成长性企业无显著影响;政府非研发补助对企业经营绩效均有显著正向影响,对高成长性企业的影响更突出。 相似文献
57.
58.
Current economic theory typically assumes that all the macroeconomic variables belonging to a given economy are driven by a small number of structural shocks. As recently argued, apart from negligible cases, the structural shocks can be recovered if the information set contains current and past values of a large, potentially infinite, set of macroeconomic variables. However, the usual practice of estimating small size causal Vector AutoRegressions can be extremely misleading as in many cases such models could fully recover the structural shocks only if future values of the few variables considered were observable. In other words, the structural shocks may be non‐fundamental with respect to the small dimensional vector used in current macroeconomic practice. By reviewing a recent strand of econometric literature, we show that, as a solution, econometricians should enlarge the space of observations, and thus consider models able to handle very large panels of related time series. Among several alternatives, we review dynamic factor models together with their economic interpretation, and we show how non‐fundamentalness is non‐generic in this framework. Finally, using a factor model, we provide new empirical evidence on the effect of technology shocks on labour productivity and hours worked. 相似文献
59.
朱钟棣 《对外经济贸易大学学报》2008,(2):71-76
与直接可以用税率高低来度量其保护程度的关税不一样．非关税措施是一种隐蔽的难以直接度量其保护作用的贸易保护主义手段。本文评价了近年来国外普遍采用的非关税措施保护作用的量化方法,包括频度——类型测算法、价格对比测算法、支持率测算法的设计思路和运用状况．以便为不时发生的贸易争端和贸易谈判提供可以用来判断进口国非关税措施保护程度的分析工具。 相似文献
60.
知识协同行为和非知识协同行为是知识管理领域新的研究主题,探讨其内在影响机理具有重要意义。通过数据调查,利用结构方程模型深入分析和探讨了环境扰动对知识协同行为和非知识协同行为的影响机理。实证研究表明：环境扰动正向影响非知识协同行为的产生,而环境扰动对知识协同行为的影响并不显著;良性非知识协同行为与企业创新绩效显著正相关,而恶性非知识协同行为对企业创新绩效有一定反向影响,知识协同行为对组织创新绩效有着显著正向影响;良性非知识协同行为对知识协同行为有较强的正向影响,而恶性非知识协同行为反向影响良性非知识协同行为的产生,这意味着恶性非知识协同行为可以通过良性非知识协同行为的中介效应对知识协同行为、创新绩效起反向作用。 相似文献